HEENT 1 Flashcards
hyperopia
farsightedness
myopia
nearsightedness
amblyopia
lazy eye; usually starts in infancy, refer to opthalmologist
miosis
excessive constriction of the pupil of the eye
what are the initial detectable signs of diabetic retinopathy
micro aneurysms and hard exudates (leakage of lipid and protein material)
diabetic retinopathy - neovascularization (development of new blood vessels) results in small what
flame shaped and blot hemorrhages and intraretinal infarcts (cotton wool or soft exudates)
ectropion
eyelid is turned outward or sags away from the eye
entropion
eyelid is turned inward
papilledema
optic disc swollen with blurred edges due to increase ICP secondary to bleeding, brain tumor, abscess, and pseudotumor cerebri
painless bony protuberance on the hard palate; skin should be normal
torus palatinus
lesions are corrugated painless plaques on the lateral aspects of the tongue that cannot be scraped off; often seen in immunocompromised patients (HIV infections); associated with EBV infection
oral hairy leukoplakia
bright white to light gray plaques on the tongue, floor or mouth, or inner cheeks caused by chronic irritation, such as from smoking or alcohol
oral leukoplakia - refer to oral surgeon for biopsy
definition of legal blindness
20/200
when is vision normal in children
age 6, 20/20
objective measure to test for presence of fluid inside middle ear
tympanogram
age related macular degeneration
usually asymptomatic during early stages; caused by gradual damage to the pigment of the macula (area of central vision)
leading cause of blindness in the elderly
age related macular degeneration
angle closure glaucoma is caused by
narrowing or closure of the anterior chamber angle
angle closure glaucoma leads to
3
inadequate drainage, elevated IOP, and damage to the optic nerve - medical emergency
older adult c/o acute onset of decreased/blurred vision with severe eye pain and frontal HA, NV, may have halos around eyes =
angle closure glaucoma
angle closure glaucoma objective findings
5
- eyes are fixed and mid dilated
- cloudy pupil that looks more oval than round
- pupil reacts slowly to light
- conjunctival injection with increase lacrimation
- corneal edema or cloudiness
blepharitis is the
chronic condition caused by inflammation of the eyelids
chronic condition caused by inflammation of the eyelids
blepharitis
blepharitis - patients may complain of
4
itching or irritation in the eyelids, gritty sensation, eye redness, crusting
belpharitis tx plan
3
- gently scrub eyelid margins with diluted baby shampoo and warm water until resolves
- consider topical antibiotic solution (erythromycin eye drops) to eyelids 2-3 x day
- warm compress to eyelids
chalazion is a
chronic inflammation of the meibomian gland (sweat/oil gland) of the eyelid
chronic inflammation of the meibomian gland (sweat/oil gland) of the eyelid
chalazion
chalazion may resolve on its own in how many weeks
2-8 weeks
pt c/o gradual onset of a small, superficial nodule on the upper eyelid that feels like a bead and is discrete and movable; painless
chalazion
chalazion tx plan
warm compression at least 2 x day
corneal abrasion
trauma to the eye resulting in interruption of epithelial surface
trauma to the eye resulting in interruption of epithelial surface
corneal abrasion
pt c/o acute onset of severe eye pain with tearing and redness; reports feeling of foreign-body sensation on the surface of the eye
corneal abrasion
corneal abrasion objective findings
5
- normal visual acuity
- round, reactive pupil
- mild conjunctival injection
- tears
- corneal defect
corneal abrasion tx plan
use topical opthalmic abx with pseudomononal coverage such as cirpofloxacin, ofloxacin, or trimethoprim-polymyxin B for 3-5 days
why do you need pseudomonal coverage abx for corneal abrasion
because of the risk of sight-threatening bacterial keratitis particularly in contact wearers
herpes simplex keratitis - pt c/o of
acute onset of severe eye pain, photophobia, and blurred vision in affect eye; often unilateral
herpes simplex keratitis OF
3
- conjunctivitis
- decreased corneal sensation
- dendritic lesions of the cornea
