HEENT 1

Question 1

hyperopia

Answer 1

farsightedness

Question 2

myopia

Answer 2

nearsightedness

Question 3

amblyopia

Answer 3

lazy eye; usually starts in infancy, refer to opthalmologist

Question 4

miosis

Answer 4

excessive constriction of the pupil of the eye

Question 5

what are the initial detectable signs of diabetic retinopathy

Answer 5

micro aneurysms and hard exudates (leakage of lipid and protein material)

Question 6

diabetic retinopathy - neovascularization (development of new blood vessels) results in small what

Answer 6

flame shaped and blot hemorrhages and intraretinal infarcts (cotton wool or soft exudates)

Question 7

ectropion

Answer 7

eyelid is turned outward or sags away from the eye

Question 8

entropion

Answer 8

eyelid is turned inward

Question 9

papilledema

Answer 9

optic disc swollen with blurred edges due to increase ICP secondary to bleeding, brain tumor, abscess, and pseudotumor cerebri

Question 10

painless bony protuberance on the hard palate; skin should be normal

Answer 10

torus palatinus

Question 11

lesions are corrugated painless plaques on the lateral aspects of the tongue that cannot be scraped off; often seen in immunocompromised patients (HIV infections); associated with EBV infection

Answer 11

oral hairy leukoplakia

Question 12

bright white to light gray plaques on the tongue, floor or mouth, or inner cheeks caused by chronic irritation, such as from smoking or alcohol

Answer 12

oral leukoplakia - refer to oral surgeon for biopsy

Question 13

definition of legal blindness

Answer 13

20/200

Question 14

when is vision normal in children

Answer 14

age 6, 20/20

Question 15

objective measure to test for presence of fluid inside middle ear

Answer 15

tympanogram

Question 16

age related macular degeneration

Answer 16

usually asymptomatic during early stages; caused by gradual damage to the pigment of the macula (area of central vision)

Question 17

leading cause of blindness in the elderly

Answer 17

age related macular degeneration

Question 18

angle closure glaucoma is caused by

Answer 18

narrowing or closure of the anterior chamber angle

Question 19

angle closure glaucoma leads to
3

Answer 19

inadequate drainage, elevated IOP, and damage to the optic nerve - medical emergency

Question 20

older adult c/o acute onset of decreased/blurred vision with severe eye pain and frontal HA, NV, may have halos around eyes =

Answer 20

angle closure glaucoma

Question 21

angle closure glaucoma objective findings
5

Answer 21

1. eyes are fixed and mid dilated
2. cloudy pupil that looks more oval than round
3. pupil reacts slowly to light
4. conjunctival injection with increase lacrimation
5. corneal edema or cloudiness

Question 22

blepharitis is the

Answer 22

chronic condition caused by inflammation of the eyelids

Question 23

chronic condition caused by inflammation of the eyelids

Answer 23

blepharitis

Question 24

blepharitis - patients may complain of
4

Answer 24

itching or irritation in the eyelids, gritty sensation, eye redness, crusting

Question 25

belpharitis tx plan
3

Answer 25

1. gently scrub eyelid margins with diluted baby shampoo and warm water until resolves
2. consider topical antibiotic solution (erythromycin eye drops) to eyelids 2-3 x day
3. warm compress to eyelids

Question 26

chalazion is a

Answer 26

chronic inflammation of the meibomian gland (sweat/oil gland) of the eyelid

Question 27

chronic inflammation of the meibomian gland (sweat/oil gland) of the eyelid

Answer 27

chalazion

Question 28

chalazion may resolve on its own in how many weeks

Answer 28

2-8 weeks

Question 29

pt c/o gradual onset of a small, superficial nodule on the upper eyelid that feels like a bead and is discrete and movable; painless

Answer 29

chalazion

Question 30

chalazion tx plan

Answer 30

warm compression at least 2 x day

Question 31

corneal abrasion

Answer 31

trauma to the eye resulting in interruption of epithelial surface

Question 32

trauma to the eye resulting in interruption of epithelial surface

Answer 32

corneal abrasion

Question 33

pt c/o acute onset of severe eye pain with tearing and redness; reports feeling of foreign-body sensation on the surface of the eye

Answer 33

corneal abrasion

Question 34

corneal abrasion objective findings
5

Answer 34

1. normal visual acuity
2. round, reactive pupil
3. mild conjunctival injection
4. tears
5. corneal defect

Question 35

corneal abrasion tx plan

Answer 35

use topical opthalmic abx with pseudomononal coverage such as cirpofloxacin, ofloxacin, or trimethoprim-polymyxin B for 3-5 days

Question 36

why do you need pseudomonal coverage abx for corneal abrasion

Answer 36

because of the risk of sight-threatening bacterial keratitis particularly in contact wearers

Question 37

herpes simplex keratitis - pt c/o of

Answer 37

acute onset of severe eye pain, photophobia, and blurred vision in affect eye; often unilateral

Question 38

herpes simplex keratitis OF
3

Answer 38

1. conjunctivitis
2. decreased corneal sensation
3. dendritic lesions of the cornea