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Pathology > Hematology > Flashcards

Hematology Flashcards

1
Q

MCC of leukopenia

A

Drug toxicity

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2
Q

MC Cancer in children

A

ALL

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3
Q

genetic abnormality in Acute ALL

A

t(12;21), t(9;22)

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4
Q

BM biopsy of AML criteria

A

> / 20% myeloblast

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5
Q

needlike-azurophilic granules in the cytoplasm

A

Auer rods

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6
Q

Genetic mutation t(15;17)
Auer rods
Faggot cells
assoc with DIC
80% curable with All trans retinoic acid

A

Acute promyelocytic anemia

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7
Q

MC leukemia of adults in Western world

A

CLL/SLL

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8
Q

CLL – progression to DLBCL

A

Ritcher phenomenon

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9
Q

BCR-ABL t(9;22)
Philadelphia chromosome
Splenomegaly
hyperceullar marrow/sea blue histiocytes
WBC >100,000
Low leukocyte alkaline phosphatase

A

CML

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10
Q

MC Classical HL

A

Nodular sclerosis

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11
Q

Classical HL worst prognosis and associated with PLHIV patients

A

Lymphocyte Depleted HL
90% assoc with EBV

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12
Q

Immunohisto chem of HL

A

CD15 CD30
NLPHL - + CD20

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13
Q

General lymphadenopathy and extranodal involvement (BM, spleen, liver, gut)
Leukemic presentation
t (11;14)
aggressive and incurable

A

Mantle cell Lymphoma

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14
Q

MC form of indolent NHL

A

Follicular Lymphoma

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15
Q

MC NHL

A

Diffuse large B cell lymphoma
aggressive, large cells, diffuse, atypia

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16
Q

one of the fastest growing tumor
assoc with latent EBV infection
high mitotic and numerous apoptotic cells
Starry sky pattern
good response to chemo

A

Burkitt Lymphoma

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17
Q

Splenomegaly
Pancytopenia
dry tap on BM aspiration
Monocytopenia
Cells: Hair like projections
BRAF V600E mutation
+ TRAP

A

Hairy cell leukemi

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18
Q

HM: large anaplastic cells with horseshoe-shaped nuclei
CD30
ALK mutation

A

Anaplastic Large cell lymphoma

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19
Q

T cells with Cerebriform nuclei

A

Sezary cells
Sezary syndrome = gen exfoliative erythroderma + leukemia of Sezary cells

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20
Q

CD4 T Cell tumor of the skin

A

Mycosis fungoides/Sezary syndrome

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21
Q

most important plasma cell neoplasm

A

Multiple myeloma

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22
Q

5 classical HL

A

Nodular sclerosis
Mixed cellularity
Lymphocyte rich
Lymphocyte depleted
Nodular lymphocyte predominant

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23
Q

Globular CYTOPLASMIC inclusion seen in MM

A

Russel bodies

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24
Q

Globular NUCLEAR inclusion seen in MM

A

Dutcher Bodies

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25
Q

Clinical presentation of MM

A

CRAB
hyperCalcemia
Renal failure
Anemia
Bone lesion – punched out (MC site VC)

26
Q

PBS findings in MM

A

Rouleaux formation
Plasma cell leukemia

27
Q

Mutation in Myeloproliferative neoplasm

A

JAK2

28
Q

PBS finding in Primary Myelofibrosis

A

Leukoerythroblastosis
Tear drop cells/Dacrocytes

29
Q

Type of necrosis: Bland Infarct

A

Coagulative necrosis

30
Q

Type of necrosis: Septic infarct

A

Suppurative necrosis

31
Q

All intrinsic types exhibit EXTRAVASCULAR Hemolysis, Except

A

PNH (intravascular)

32
Q

XR , low NADPH
Heinz bodies in asplenic px
Bite cells/Degmacytes in functional spleen
Protective against malaria

A

G6PD deficiency

33
Q

mutation of 6th codon of the B-globulin gene (glutamate –> valine)

A

Sickle cell anemia

34
Q

Findings in Sickle cell Anemia

A

Drepanocyte (sickle cells)
target cells (Codocyte)
Howell Jolly Bodies
extramedullary hematopoises

35
Q

Treatment for Sickle Cell Anemia

A

Hydroxyurea – increases HbF

36
Q

infants do not become symptomatic until

A

5-6 months of age — HbF prevent sickling

37
Q

symptoms appear in B- Thalassemia

A

6-9mos of age

38
Q

symptoms appear in A- Thalassemia
mutation:

A

at birth (low HbF synthesis)
mutation deletion

39
Q

1 gene affected in A-thalassemia

A

Silent carrier

40
Q

2 gene affected in A-thalassemia

A

a- thalassemia trait minor

41
Q

3 gene affected in A-thalassemia

A

HbH disease
Severe, like B-thalassemia intermediate

42
Q

4 gene affected in A-thalassemia

A

Hydrops fetalis

43
Q

PIGA mutations in PNH

A

CD55,
CD59(most important),
C8 binding protein

44
Q

fragmented RBC
seen where

A

Schistocytes
microangiopathic HA

45
Q

MC nutritional disorder in the world

A

IDA

46
Q

microcytic hypochromic
pencil cells
low serum Fe
high transferrin
low ferritin

A

IDA

47
Q

Common cause of anemia in hospitalized px

A

Anemia of Chronic Inflammation

48
Q

Px with chronic microbial infection
low serum Fe
Low transferrin
increase ferritin

A

Anemia of Chronic Inflammation

49
Q

Pancytopenia
Hypocellular bone marrow
Normocytic Normochromic

A

Aplastic Anemia

50
Q

Preferential infection of erythroid precursor

A

Parvovirus

51
Q

MCC of Myelophthisic anemia

A

Metastatic cancer

52
Q

Features of TTP

A

Micronagiopathic HA
Thrombocytopenia
Renal Failure
Fever
Neurologic manifestation

53
Q

Syndromes under HUS

A

Microangipathic HA
Thrombcytopenia
Renal failure

54
Q

Pathogenesis of HUS

A

typical: E. coli O157:H7 (Shiga like) –> endothelium procoagulant
Atypical: defect in excessive complement activation –> thrombosis

55
Q

Pathogenesis of TTP

A

low ADAMTS13

56
Q

MC inherited bleeding disorder

A

Von Willebrand disease
AD, impaired PF

57
Q

MC hereditary disease

A

Hemophilia
X-linked, abnormality in Factor VIII (A), Factor IX (B)

58
Q

bilateral adrenal hemorrhage secondary to fibrin thrombi

A

Waterhouse-Friederichsen syndrome

59
Q

MC adverse transfusion reaction

A

Febrile Non-Hemolytic transfusion reaction

60
Q

MC reaction encountered in platelet transfusion

A

Allergic Rhinitis

Pathology (18 decks)

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