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Pathology > Blood vessels, Cardio, Respi > Flashcards

Blood vessels, Cardio, Respi Flashcards

1
Q

MC site of involvement of atherosclerosis

A

Lower abdominal aorta and iliac arteries >Coronary > Popliteal >ICA >circle of Willis

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2
Q

major component of Fibrous cap

A

Collagen

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3
Q

RF for abdominal aortic aneurysm

A

Atherosclerosis

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4
Q

RF in ascending aortic aneurysm

A

Hypertension

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5
Q

MCC of dissection

A

Intimal tear

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6
Q

Classification of Dissection with Ascending and Descending

A

DeBakey I

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7
Q

Classification of Dissection with Ascending only

A

DeBakey II

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8
Q

Classification of Dissection with Descending

A

DeBakey III

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9
Q

Classification of Dissection with DeBakey I and II

A

Stanford A

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10
Q

Classification of Dissection with DeBakey III

A

Standford B

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11
Q

MC site of AAA

A

Between Renal Arteries and bifurcation of aorta

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12
Q

Common finding in aortic disease

A

Cystic medial degeneration

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13
Q

MC form of vasculitis among elderly adults in the West

A

Giant cell Arteritis

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14
Q

Vessels affected in GCA

A

Temporal
Ophthalmic
Vertebral
Aorta

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15
Q

Vasculitides: <50 y/o, ocular disturbances with pulseless disease(weak pulse in the UE)

A

Takayasu arteritis

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16
Q

medium-vessel vasculitide

A

Polyaarteritis Nodosa
Kawasaki Disease

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17
Q

Clinical finding in Kawasaki Disease

A

Fever >5 days
Conjunctival injection
Mucosal erythema
Cervical Lymphadenopathy
Polymorphous exanthem

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18
Q

MPO-ANCA (p-Anca) seen in

A

Microscopic polyangiitis
Churg-Strauss Syndrome

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19
Q

Vasculitidies associated with Hepatitis B with findings of abdominal pain and hypertension, fibrinoid necrosis

A

Polyarteritis Nodosa

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20
Q

usually seen assoc with asthma, AR, eosinophilia
Vessel affected: Cutaneous GIT renal
morpho: PAN + extravascular necrotizing granulomas and eosinophil

A

Churg Strauss Syndrome aka Allergic granulomatosis and angiitis

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21
Q

ANCA seen in Wegener granulomatosis

A

PR3-ANCA (c-ANCA)

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22
Q

PAN + Pulmonary involvement (acute necrotizing granulomas)

A

Granulomatosis with Angiitis

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23
Q

Cigarette smoking
tibial and radial affected
Raynaud phenomenon,
instep claudication
phlebitis
ulceration or gangrene

A

Thromboangiitis Obliterans/Buerger Disease

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24
Q

migratory superficial vein thrombophlebitis in Cancer patient

A

Trousseau syndrome

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25
Q

MCC of Lymphangitis

A

GABHS

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26
Q

MC Vascular ectasia

A

Nevus flammeus/ birth mark

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27
Q

Most port wine are caused by somatic single-nucleotide missense mutation in

A

GNAQ

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28
Q

painful mass beneath the fingernails

A

Glomus tumor/Glomangioma

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29
Q

MC HIV related malignancy worldwide

A

Kaposi sarcoma

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30
Q

AD characterized by CNS hemangioblastoma, cavernous hemangiomas, RCC and Pheochromocytoma

A

Von-Hippel-Lindau disease
loss of function of VHL chromosome 3

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31
Q

Carvenous lymphangiomas of neck

A

Turner syndrome

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32
Q

MCC of Left sided HF

A

RSHF

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33
Q

MC genetic cause of CHD

A

trisomy 21

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34
Q

Gold standard foe diagnosing CHD

A

2D echicardiography

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35
Q

MC CHD in adults

A

ASD

36
Q

Diagnostic clues in ASD

A

Fixed widely split S2
Pulmonary stenosis-like murmur

37
Q

MC CHD

A

VSD - membranous (90%)

38
Q

Vast majority of VSD lesion close before

A

4 yr old

39
Q

uncorrected VSD will lead to __________

A

Eisenmengerization

40
Q

murmur of PDA

A

Continuous murmur machinery like murmur

41
Q

MC cyanotic CHD

A

TOF

42
Q

Defect in TOF

A

Anterosuperior displacement of infundibular septum

43
Q

Components of TOF

A

VSD
RV outflow tract obstruction - subpulmonary stenosis
Aorta overriding VSD
RVH

44
Q

Pulmonic Stenosis
+ hypoxic tet spells (paroxysmal worsening of cyanosis)
CXR: boot-shape heart

A

TOF

45
Q

MC type of TGA

A

Dextro TGA/d-TGA

46
Q

Male infant born to a diabetic mother. upon CXR: it shows an Egg on the side. Diagnosis?

A

TGA
assoc. PDA, VSD

47
Q

most important determinant for prognosis in TOF

A

Pulmonary Infindibular stenosis

48
Q

Cyanotic Heart Diseases

A

1 - Truncus arteriousus
2 - TGA
3 - TRIcuspid artresia
4 - TETRAlogy of Fallot
5 - TAPVR

49
Q

MCC of IHD

A

atherosclerosis of epicardial coronary arteries (CAD)

50
Q

earliest detectable feature of myocyte necrosis

A

sarcolemmal membrane disruption –> myocardial proteins in blood
basis for chemical test in MI

51
Q

MC vessel involved in MI

A

LAD artery

52
Q

Microscopic morpho in MI: 6-12 hrs

A

Coagulative necrosis

53
Q

Microscopic morpho in MI: 7-10days

A

Granulation tissue

54
Q

Microscopic morpho in MI: 3-7 days

A

macrophages
infarct is softest

55
Q

Microscopic morpho in MI: 1-3 days

A

Acute inflam (PMN)

56
Q

irreversible injury of MI happens

A

20-30 mins/ 20-40 mins

57
Q

stain to map the infarcted area in MI

A

Triphenlytetrazolium chloride

58
Q

Scarring complete in MI happens

A

> 2 months
dense collageneous scar

59
Q

Gray-white scar in MI appears when

A

> 2-8 weeks

60
Q

Heart with red gray after MI happens when

A

10-14 days
granulation tissue with new blood vessels and collagen deposition

61
Q

Enzyme that assess re infarction

A

CK-MB

62
Q

Return to normal of Cardiac troponin

A

5-14 days

63
Q

Return to normal of CK-MB

A

2-3days

64
Q

Complication of MI, patient had intense pericarditis weeks after

A

Dressler syndrome

65
Q

MCC of death in MI within 24 hrs

A

arrhythmia

66
Q

MCC of death in MI within first week

A

Rupture

67
Q

Important of CO

A

heart rate

68
Q

MCC of SCID

A

Coronary artery disease

69
Q

MC mechanism of SCID

A

lethal arrhythmia (vfib or asystole)

70
Q

MCC of MR

A

MVP

71
Q

Composed of T cells, plasma cells and Anitschkow cells

A

Aschoff bodies

72
Q

Cardinal changes in RHD

A

Leaflet thickening
commissural fusion and shortening
fusion of the tendinous cords

73
Q

Deformity where there’s calcification and fibrous bridging of valvular commissure?
commonly seen where

A

Fish mouth deformity
seen in RHD

74
Q

hallmark of IE

A

vegetations

75
Q

Small bland sterile thrombi loosely attached to the leaflets of cardiac valves
no invasion an inflam

A

NBTE/Marantic Endocarditis
assoc with hypercoagulable state

76
Q

Sterile vegetations on either side of the valve leaflets, with an intense vasculitis and fibroid necrosis

A

Libman-Sacks Endocarditis

77
Q

MCC of hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy

A

Genetic mutation encoding for sarcomeric proteins

78
Q

MCC of myocarditis

A

Coxsackie B

79
Q

MCC of mycarditis: MC Helminthic cause

A

T. spiralis

80
Q

Becks TRIAD

A

inc JVP
arterial hypotension
muffled heart sound

81
Q

MCC of Acute Pericariditis

A

Fibrous/Serofibrinous

82
Q

most striking clinical finding in acute pericarditis

A

Pericardial friction rub

83
Q

MC Primary cardiac tumor in adults

A

Myxoma

84
Q

MC Primary cardiac tumor in children

A

Rhabdomyosarcoma

85
Q

Dilated dysfunction
EF 45-90%
Fibrosis
Amyloid deposition

A

Restrictive Cardiomyopathy

86
Q

Genetic mutation in Dilated Cardiomyopathy

A

truncation mutation of TTN gene (Titin protein)

Pathology (18 decks)

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