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Pathology > Endocrine > Flashcards

Endocrine Flashcards

1
Q

MCC of hyperpirtuitarism

A

functioning anterior pitiutary adenoma
1cm – can determine micro/macroadenoma

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2
Q

MC pituitary adenoma

A

Prolactin cell adenoma
2nd MC: Somatroph adenoma

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3
Q

Origin of Craniopharygioma

A

Vestigial remnants of Rathke pouch
Hypothalamic suprasellar tumor
mass effect and hypopituitarism
bimodal age: 5-15, 65

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4
Q

hypermetabolic state caused by increase thyroid hormone level in the blood

A

Thyrotoxicosis

hyperthyroidism - thyrotoxicosis 2nd to thyroid gland hyperfunction

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5
Q

MCC of primary hyperthyroidism

A

Graves disease
Type II HS

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6
Q

Posterior Pituitary Syndrome can be cause by this neoplasm

A

Small cell lung Ca

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7
Q

MCC of congenital hypothyroidism

A

Iodine deficiency

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8
Q

MCC of congenital hypothyroidism in Iodine sufficient areas

A

Autoimmune (Hashimoto)

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9
Q

extensive fibrosis of the thyroid and contiguous neck structures

A

Riedel Thyroiditis

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10
Q

Painless thyroid enlargement
Autoantibodies against thyroglobulin and thyroid peroxidase
Hurtle cell changes
Lymphoplasmacytic infiltrates with germinal centers
+ fibrosis

A

Hashimoto thyroiditides

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11
Q

Painless thyroid enlargement
Autoantibodies against thyroid peroxidase
family hx of autoimmunity
- fibrosis and hurtle changes

A

Subacute Lymphocytic

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12
Q

PainFUL thyroid enlargement
Antigen mediated immune damage to follicular cells
history of URTI prior to thyroiditis

A

Granulomatous thyroiditis

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13
Q

Most thyroid carcinoma arise from thyroid follicular epithelium, except

A

Medullary – Parafollicular C cells
assoc. with MEN2A, MEN2B
present with PAraneoplastic syndrome (VIP, ACTH) and high level of Calcitonin

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14
Q

MC thyroid Ca

A

Papillary > Follicular
Favorable prognosis
+ Orphan annie nuclei
+ Psammoma Bodies

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15
Q

Thyroid ca:
Pleomorphic giant cells
Spindle-shaped cells
IHC: Cytokeratin, PAX8

A

Anaplastic Thyroid Ca

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16
Q

Most helpful thyroid differentiation marker in anaplastic Ca

A

PAX8

17
Q

Thyroid Ca with Amyloid deposits

A

Medullary thyroid Ca
familial origin: C-cell hyperplasia
sheet of polygonal to spindle shaped cells in nests, trabeculae or follicules
IHC: Calcitonin

18
Q

most important susceptibility genes in T1DM

A

Ch 6

19
Q

TRIAD of DMT2

A

Genetic
Environmental - most important factor: Central/visceral obesity
Proinflammatory

20
Q

MCC of death in DM

A

Coronary heart disease
HM: accelerated atherosclerosis

21
Q

Insulin deficiency sufficient to develop KETOACIDOSIS

A

DKA
<7.25pH
+ ketones
visceral sx

22
Q

Insulin deficiency INSUFFICIENT to develop ketoacidosis

A

HHS
>7.30 pH
neurologic symptoms

23
Q

MC Pancreatic NET

A

Insulinomas
Hyperinsulinism
Whipple TRIAD
Amyloid deposition
loc: pancreas
benign

24
Q

Whipple TRIAD

A

Hypogylcemia <50mg/dl
Neuroglycopenic symptoms
Relief upon parenteral glucose administration

25
Q

pancreatic islet cell tumor
hypersecretion of gastric acid
severe PUD

A

Zollinger-Ellison syndrome
Seen in Gastrinoma – malignant, located at Gastrinoma Triangle

26
Q

Presentation of VIPoma

A

WDHA
watery diarrhea
Hypokalemia
Achlorhydia

27
Q

MCC overall of Cushing syndrome

A

Exogenous steroids/ Iatrogenic

28
Q

MC endogenous cause of Cushing

A

ACTH secreting pituitary adenoma (Cushing Disease)

29
Q

MCC of Primary hyperaldosteronism(Conn syndrome)

A

Bilateral idiopathic hyperaldosteronism
neoplasm: Adenoma > Adrenocortical Carcinoma

Secondary Hyperaldos - decreased renal perfusion

30
Q

TRIAD of Pheochromcytoma

A

Diaphoresis
Headaches
Palpitations

RULE OF 10s

31
Q

Cytogenic origin of Pheochromocytoma

A

Chromaffin cells of medulla
releases catecholamines
Zellballen

32
Q

Clusters of polygonal or spindle-shaped chromaffin or chief cells surrounded by sustentacular cells

A

Zell ballen

33
Q

Rule of 10s

A

Extra -adrenal
bilateral
biological malignant
not associated with hypertension
25% germline genetic mutations

34
Q

Syndrome of MEN1

A

Wermer syndrome:
Pituitary
Parathyroid
Pancreas

35
Q

Syndrome of MEN2A
mutation

A

Sipple sydrome

mutation: RET
Phechromocytoma, Medullary TCa,
2A: PArathyroid Neoplasm
2B: neuromas, ganglioneuromas, Marfanoid habitus

36
Q

Syndrome of MEN2B

A

Wagemen-Froboese syndrome, Mucosal neuroma syndrome

Pathology (18 decks)

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