Bone, Soft Tissue Flashcards
Bone tumor associated with McCune Albright syndrome (polyostic FD, cafe-au-lait spots, endocrine abnormalities?
Fibrous Dysplasia — Chinese characters
no osteoblastic rimming
Radiographic result of Osteosarcoma:
Codman triangle (perisoteal lifting
sunburst appearance (infiltrative disorders)
lytic and blastic lesion
Bone tumor of Hyaline cartilage that occurs in bones of endochondral origin
Chondroma
loc: metaphysis
Assoc: Ollier and Maffuci syndrome
Micro: Small round blue cells and Homer Wright rosette
Radio: lytic lesion, Periosteal reaction: Onion-skin
Diaphysis located
Ewing Sarcoma
2nd MC group of bone sarcomas in children
mutation in t(11;22) EWSR1-FLI1
Avascular necrosis of ossification center in children
Legg-Calve Perthes Disease
MC causative agent of Osteomyelitis
S. aureas (MC)
GUT infection: E,coli, Pseudomonas, Klebseilla
Neonates: H. influenza, GBS
Sickle Cell Dse: Salmonella
MC skeletal Dysplasia
major cause of DWARFISM
Achondroplasia
AD, mutation in FGF3 (inhibition of endochondral growth)
MC lethal form of dwarfism
Thantophoric Dysplasia
usual death: Respiratory insufficiency
MC inherited disorder of the Connective tissue
extreme skeletal fragility due to little bone
Osteogenesis imperfecta/Brittle bone dse
Blue sclerae
type I collagen, AD
morpho: Absence of medullary canal and Erlenmeyer Flask deformity
Osteopetrosis/ Marble bone disease
impaired osteoclast function
most AR
Mild autosomal dominant: Albers-Schonberg disease
Presence of jigsaw puzzle due to cement lines
mosaic pattern of lamellar bone
elderly, bone pain
Paget Disease/ Osteitis Deformans
Bouchard node
Heberden nodes
Osteophytes (Bone spurs)
Osteoarthritis
Bouchard node – PIP
Heberden node - DIP
No systemic sx
primarily weight bearing joint
Triad of Felty Sydrome seen in RA
RA
splenomegaly
Neutropenia
Skeletal changes in chronic renal failure:
Osteopenia
Osteomalacia
Secondary hyperparathyroidism
Growth retardation
Renal Osteodystrophy
most dreaded complication of Pagets dse
Osteosarcoma
Fibrosarcoma
fracture healing:
Soft tissue callus/Procallus formation
not yet good for weigh bearing
0-2 weeks
fracture healing:
Bony callus (Woven bone)
2-3 weeks
inc progenitor cells
fracture healing:
Lamellar bone
3wks - months
younger patient’s bone tumor most likely are BENIGN, except
Osteosarcoma
Ewing Sarcoma
<2cm
Appendicular skeleton - MC: femur
Pain relived by NSAIDs
marked reactive bone formation
Osteoid Osteoma
tx: Radiofrequency ablation
> 2cm
Axial skeleton
non responsive to NSAIDs
Osteoblastoma
tx: En bloc excision
<20 y/o
Metaphysis
Codmann triangle
Sunburst appearance
lace-like pattern bone formation
Osteosarcoma
Bone lesion located in METAPHYSIS
Osteosarcoma
Osteochondroma
Chondroma
Bone lesion located in EPIPHYSIS
Giant cell tumor
Bone lesion located in DIAPHYSIS
Ewing sarcoma
Bone lesion located in AXIAL skeleton
Chondrosarcoma
Osteoblastoma
MC benign bone tumor
Metaphyseal location
Osteochondroma
solitary
loca: knee
Spindle hemangiomas and brain gliomas
Maffuci syndrome
Seen in Chondroma
tumor cells have inc RANKL levels – inc bone resoprtion
Epiphysis located
3rd-5th decade
benign, locally aggressive
Giant cell tumor bone/ Osteoclastoma
Polyostotic FD + Cafe-au-lait spots + Precocious puberty
McCune Albright syndrome
Polyostotic FD + Soft tissue myxoma
Mazabraud syndrome
MC skeletal malignancy
Metastasis
Autoimmunity, CD4+ T cells and antibodies
small joints of the fingers
+ Pannus
severe chronic inflammation
Swan Neck deformity
Buotonniere deformity
Rheumatoid Arthritis
Swan Neck deformity - PIP hyperextension, DIP flexion
Buotonniere deformity - PIP flexion, DIP hyperextension
HM of gout
Tophi
aggregate of urate crystals surrounded by foreign body giant cells
Hyperuricemia
monoarticular joint
1st MTP of big toe
Monosodium urate, needle shape
negatively birefringent (yellow)
Gout
Pseudogout contents
Calcium Pyrophosphate dihydrate
Rhomboid, + birefringent (blue)
Mono/polyarticular
MC involve: knee
MC Soft tissue tumor of adulthood
Lipoma
encapsulated mass of mature adipocytes
MC sarcoma of adulthood
Liposarcoma
+ lipoblast
mutation in t(12;16)
myxoid with chicken wire vessel scattered round cells and lipoblast
Myxoid Liposarcoma
