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Pathology > Cellular response and Inflammation > Flashcards

Cellular response and Inflammation Flashcards

1
Q

first manifestation of ALMOST ALL forms of injury to cells

A

Cellular Swelling

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2
Q

marker of apoptosis

A

switching of PHOSPHATIDYLSERINE from inner leaflet to outer leaflet of the plasma membrane

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3
Q

pattern of necrosis: Brain

A

Liquefactive necrosis

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4
Q

Pattern of Necrosis: Ischemic necrosis of all solid organs, preserve architecture of dead tissue

A

Coagulative Necrosis

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5
Q

Pattern of Necrosis: Chee-like, Granulomas, Structureless

A

Caseous necrosis

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6
Q

Examples of Caseous necrosis

A

TB, Fungal

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7
Q

Necrosis with Fatty + Calcium ions = Soap (Saponification)

A

Fat necrosis

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8
Q

Example of Fat necrosis

A

Acute pancreatitis - leakage of lipases

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9
Q

Complexes of antigens and antibodies are deposited in the walls of arteries

A

Fibrinoid necrosis

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10
Q

Trigger of Apoptosis

A

Accumulation of damaged DNA
misfolded proteins

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11
Q

Death receptor being activated in Extrinsic pathway

A

Fas CD95 Fas Ligand

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12
Q

inactivation of BLC2 in Intrinsic pathway leads to activation of _________ –> leakage of Cytochrome C

A

BAX/BAK channel

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13
Q

what is being activated in Extrinsic and Intrinsic Apoptosis pathway

A

Activation of Caspases

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14
Q

Most Characteristic feature of apoptosis

A

Chromatin condensation

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15
Q

serve as the mediator of apoptotic pathway

A

Caspases

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16
Q

Initiation phase of Caspases:
Intrinsic;
Extrinsic

A

Intrinsic: Caspases 9
Extrinsic: Caspases 8 and 10

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17
Q

Caspases: Executioner phase

A

Caspase 3 and 6

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18
Q

only endogenous brown-black pigment

A

Melanin

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19
Q

what is sand like lamellated calcification seen in Papillary cancers?
seen in what type of Calcification

A

Psammoma bodies
Dystrophic calfication

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20
Q

this substance activate the inflammasome which leads to IL-1 release

A

TLR

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21
Q

5 cardinal sign of Inflam

A

Rubor
Calor
Dolor
Tumor
FUnctio laesa

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22
Q

cellular infiltrate in Chronic Inflammation

A

Macrophages
monocytes
Lymphocytes

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23
Q

most notable mediator that produces vasodilation

A

Histamine

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24
Q

MC mechanism in increase microvascular permeability

A

Endothelial cell contraction

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25
Q

Receptor in Adhesion

A

Integrin

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26
Q

Receptor family in Rolling

A

Leukocyte
Endothelium
Platelets

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27
Q

Cellular infiltrates seen in Pseudomonas

A

Neutrophil

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28
Q

Cellular infiltrates seen in Viral inflammation

A

Lymphocyte - usually first to arrive

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29
Q

Anti inflam cyokines in Regulation of the response

A

LIpoxin
TGF-B
IL10

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30
Q

MC exogenous product in Chemotaxis

A

N-formlymethionine

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31
Q

Site of diapedesis

A

Postcapillary venules

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32
Q

complement protein that can cause chemotaxis

A

C5

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33
Q

stimulates expression of endothelial adhesion molecules and secretion of other cytokines

A

TNF

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34
Q

Cytokine: promotes hematopoiesis

A

IL-3

35
Q

Cytokine responsible for acute-phase response

A

IL-6

36
Q

Recruit and migration of cells in tissue

A

Chemokines

37
Q

Recruitment of monocytes and neutrophils

A

IL-17

38
Q

Increases production of IFN-gamma

A

IL-12

39
Q

most abundant complement

A

C3

40
Q

Classical pathway is activated by ___________
complement initiate the cascade

A

Immune complexes antibodies
C1

41
Q

Mannose binding is activated by

A

mannose residues in target cells

42
Q

Alternative pathway is activated by
Initiated by

A

microbial products
C3

43
Q

complement with anaphylatoxins

A

C3a, C4a, C5a

44
Q

Opsin, that promotes phagocytosis

A

C3

45
Q

MC complement deficiency

A

C2 deficiency

46
Q

C1 inhibitor deficiency

A

Hereditary angioedema

47
Q

Disorder with Decay accelerating and CD59 deficiency

A

Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria

48
Q

Exudation of fibrinogen and fibrin deposition in ECF

A

Fibrinous

49
Q

Pattern of Acute inflam: Exudation of cell poor fluid

A

Serous
seen in viral infection, burn and transudation

50
Q

Exudation consist of PMNs and necrotic debris

A
51
Q

type of inflam associated with TB

A

Chronic Granulomatous inflammation

52
Q

Gp1b deficiency

A

Bernard Soulier - deficiency in initiating forming platelet plug

53
Q

GpIIb-IIIa deficiency

A

Glanzmann Thrombastenia - deficiency in clumping of platelet

54
Q

Virchow TRIAD

A

Endothelial injury
Abnormal blood flow
Hypercoagulability

55
Q

MC thrombophilia

A

Factor V Leiden

56
Q

MC form of thromboembolic disease

A

Pulmonary Embolism

57
Q

MCC of Infarction

A

Arterial thrombosis or embolism

58
Q

Physiologic parameters of cardiogenic shock

A

inc preload (impaired outflow of blood)
dec CO (pump failure)
inc SVR (compensation)

59
Q

proportion of those who INHERIT the gene and express its phenotype

A

Penetrance

60
Q

variability in phenotypic expression among those who inherit the gene

A

Expressivity

61
Q

example of X-link dominant

A

Alport syndrome and Vit D resistant rickets

62
Q

Fragile X syndrome mutation

A

CGG expansion in FMR1 gene in X chromosome

63
Q

mutation in Huntington Disease

A

AD CAG expansion on HTT gene on Ch4

64
Q

WAS gene mutation seen in

A

Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome - combined B and T cell disorder

65
Q

TRIAD of Wiskott Aldrich Syndrome

A

Thrombocytopenia
Recurrent Infection
Eczema

66
Q

Microdeletion in Thymic aplasia

A

22q11 – failure to develop 3rd and 4th pharyngeal pouches

67
Q

defect in BTK gene: no B cell maturation

A

X-linked (Bruton) Agammaglobulinemia

68
Q

MC secondary immunodeficiency

A

AIDS

69
Q

main lab abnormality in HIV

A

Low CD4 T cells
High B cells but dysfunctional

70
Q

MC neoplasm in AIDS

A

Kaposi sarcoma - caused by HHV-8

71
Q

Etiology of AR SCID

A

Adenosine deaminase deficiency

72
Q

defect in LYST gene –prob in phagolysosome functioning

A

Chediak Higashi syndrome

73
Q

Defect in migration and chemotaxis of phagocytes

A

Leukocyte adhesion deficiency - AR

74
Q

MCC of SCID

A

XR: defective IL-2 receptor gamma chain

75
Q

major fibrillary protein of Primary amyloidosis

A

AL - Ig light chain (lambda)
Multiple myeloma, Cancer

76
Q

major fibrillary protein of Secondary amyloidosis

A

AA - Serum Amyloid A

77
Q

major fibrillary protein of HD-associated amyloidosis

A

ABeta2m (Beta2-microglobulin)
Chronic inflam conditions — often link to RA

78
Q

major fibrillary protein of DM Type I

A

Autoimmune Lymphocyte predominant

79
Q

major fibrillary protein of DM Type II

A

AAIAPPA - islet Amyloid peptide

80
Q

Type III hypersensitivity reaction are generally SYSTEMIC, except

A

Arthus reaction (local)

81
Q

antibody associated with MIXED CT disease

A

Anti-U1-ribonoculeoprotein (anti-U1-RNP)

82
Q

which organ is the most affected in amlyoidosis

A

Kidney

83
Q

antibody present in 10-20% of diffuse scleroderma

A

Anti-Scl 70

Pathology (18 decks)

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