Cellular response and Inflammation Flashcards
first manifestation of ALMOST ALL forms of injury to cells
Cellular Swelling
marker of apoptosis
switching of PHOSPHATIDYLSERINE from inner leaflet to outer leaflet of the plasma membrane
pattern of necrosis: Brain
Liquefactive necrosis
Pattern of Necrosis: Ischemic necrosis of all solid organs, preserve architecture of dead tissue
Coagulative Necrosis
Pattern of Necrosis: Chee-like, Granulomas, Structureless
Caseous necrosis
Examples of Caseous necrosis
TB, Fungal
Necrosis with Fatty + Calcium ions = Soap (Saponification)
Fat necrosis
Example of Fat necrosis
Acute pancreatitis - leakage of lipases
Complexes of antigens and antibodies are deposited in the walls of arteries
Fibrinoid necrosis
Trigger of Apoptosis
Accumulation of damaged DNA
misfolded proteins
Death receptor being activated in Extrinsic pathway
Fas CD95 Fas Ligand
inactivation of BLC2 in Intrinsic pathway leads to activation of _________ –> leakage of Cytochrome C
BAX/BAK channel
what is being activated in Extrinsic and Intrinsic Apoptosis pathway
Activation of Caspases
Most Characteristic feature of apoptosis
Chromatin condensation
serve as the mediator of apoptotic pathway
Caspases
Initiation phase of Caspases:
Intrinsic;
Extrinsic
Intrinsic: Caspases 9
Extrinsic: Caspases 8 and 10
Caspases: Executioner phase
Caspase 3 and 6
only endogenous brown-black pigment
Melanin
what is sand like lamellated calcification seen in Papillary cancers?
seen in what type of Calcification
Psammoma bodies
Dystrophic calfication
this substance activate the inflammasome which leads to IL-1 release
TLR
5 cardinal sign of Inflam
Rubor
Calor
Dolor
Tumor
FUnctio laesa
cellular infiltrate in Chronic Inflammation
Macrophages
monocytes
Lymphocytes
most notable mediator that produces vasodilation
Histamine
MC mechanism in increase microvascular permeability
Endothelial cell contraction
Receptor in Adhesion
Integrin
Receptor family in Rolling
Leukocyte
Endothelium
Platelets
Cellular infiltrates seen in Pseudomonas
Neutrophil
Cellular infiltrates seen in Viral inflammation
Lymphocyte - usually first to arrive
Anti inflam cyokines in Regulation of the response
LIpoxin
TGF-B
IL10
MC exogenous product in Chemotaxis
N-formlymethionine
Site of diapedesis
Postcapillary venules
complement protein that can cause chemotaxis
C5
stimulates expression of endothelial adhesion molecules and secretion of other cytokines
TNF
Cytokine: promotes hematopoiesis
IL-3
Cytokine responsible for acute-phase response
IL-6
Recruit and migration of cells in tissue
Chemokines
Recruitment of monocytes and neutrophils
IL-17
Increases production of IFN-gamma
IL-12
most abundant complement
C3
Classical pathway is activated by ___________
complement initiate the cascade
Immune complexes antibodies
C1
Mannose binding is activated by
mannose residues in target cells
Alternative pathway is activated by
Initiated by
microbial products
C3
complement with anaphylatoxins
C3a, C4a, C5a
Opsin, that promotes phagocytosis
C3
MC complement deficiency
C2 deficiency
C1 inhibitor deficiency
Hereditary angioedema
Disorder with Decay accelerating and CD59 deficiency
Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria
Exudation of fibrinogen and fibrin deposition in ECF
Fibrinous
Pattern of Acute inflam: Exudation of cell poor fluid
Serous
seen in viral infection, burn and transudation
Exudation consist of PMNs and necrotic debris
type of inflam associated with TB
Chronic Granulomatous inflammation
Gp1b deficiency
Bernard Soulier - deficiency in initiating forming platelet plug
GpIIb-IIIa deficiency
Glanzmann Thrombastenia - deficiency in clumping of platelet
Virchow TRIAD
Endothelial injury
Abnormal blood flow
Hypercoagulability
MC thrombophilia
Factor V Leiden
MC form of thromboembolic disease
Pulmonary Embolism
MCC of Infarction
Arterial thrombosis or embolism
Physiologic parameters of cardiogenic shock
inc preload (impaired outflow of blood)
dec CO (pump failure)
inc SVR (compensation)
proportion of those who INHERIT the gene and express its phenotype
Penetrance
variability in phenotypic expression among those who inherit the gene
Expressivity
example of X-link dominant
Alport syndrome and Vit D resistant rickets
Fragile X syndrome mutation
CGG expansion in FMR1 gene in X chromosome
mutation in Huntington Disease
AD CAG expansion on HTT gene on Ch4
WAS gene mutation seen in
Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome - combined B and T cell disorder
TRIAD of Wiskott Aldrich Syndrome
Thrombocytopenia
Recurrent Infection
Eczema
Microdeletion in Thymic aplasia
22q11 – failure to develop 3rd and 4th pharyngeal pouches
defect in BTK gene: no B cell maturation
X-linked (Bruton) Agammaglobulinemia
MC secondary immunodeficiency
AIDS
main lab abnormality in HIV
Low CD4 T cells
High B cells but dysfunctional
MC neoplasm in AIDS
Kaposi sarcoma - caused by HHV-8
Etiology of AR SCID
Adenosine deaminase deficiency
defect in LYST gene –prob in phagolysosome functioning
Chediak Higashi syndrome
Defect in migration and chemotaxis of phagocytes
Leukocyte adhesion deficiency - AR
MCC of SCID
XR: defective IL-2 receptor gamma chain
major fibrillary protein of Primary amyloidosis
AL - Ig light chain (lambda)
Multiple myeloma, Cancer
major fibrillary protein of Secondary amyloidosis
AA - Serum Amyloid A
major fibrillary protein of HD-associated amyloidosis
ABeta2m (Beta2-microglobulin)
Chronic inflam conditions — often link to RA
major fibrillary protein of DM Type I
Autoimmune Lymphocyte predominant
major fibrillary protein of DM Type II
AAIAPPA - islet Amyloid peptide
Type III hypersensitivity reaction are generally SYSTEMIC, except
Arthus reaction (local)
antibody associated with MIXED CT disease
Anti-U1-ribonoculeoprotein (anti-U1-RNP)
which organ is the most affected in amlyoidosis
Kidney
antibody present in 10-20% of diffuse scleroderma
Anti-Scl 70
