Heart I Flashcards
The heart and blood vessels compose the ________ system.
Cardiovascular
What is the pulmonary circuit of the heart?
Right side of the heart- Supplies alveoli (in lungs) with venous blood
What is the systemic circuit?
Left side of heart- Supplies tissues/organs with oxygenated blood
What do we call a blood vessel leaving the heart?
Artery
What does each atrium have?
Auricle (dog ear)
Where are the apex and base of the heart?
Apex is inferior; base is superior
What is the interventricular sulcus?
A depression, both ant. and pos. with fat and coronary vessels
What is the coronary sulcus?
Goes all the way around, separating the atria from the ventricles, contains fat and coronary vessels
Why is there fat in the sulci?
For protection
Name the sulci on the heart
Coronary sulcus
Anterior Interventricular sulcus
Posterior Interventricular sulcus
Name the septa in the heart
Interatrial septum
Interventricular septum
What does the interatrial septum do?
Separates the atria from each other
What does the inter ventricular septum do?
Separates ventricles from each other
What are the two fetal bypasses in the heart?
Foramen ovale
Ductus arteriosus
What happens to the foramen ovale?
Turns to fossa ovalis- found between atria
A small depression in the adult right atrium
What happens to the ductus arteriosus?
Turns to ligamentum arteriosum- found between pulmonary trunk and the aorta
How does blood enter the right atrium?
Superior vena cava, inferior vena cava, coronary sinus (blood from heart muscle)
Where does blood leave the heart to?
Aorta (to body) and the pulmonary trunk (to lungs via pulmonary arteries)
Why does the heart have valves? At a basic level, how do they work?
Do not want backflow of blood, needs to flow in one direction. They open and close in response to changes on blood pressure on either side
What are the 2 types of valves?
AV valves- atrioventricular valves
SL valves- semi lunar valves
What do AV valves separate?
Artia and ventricle
What are the two AV valves, what are they called?
Right side- Tricuspid valve (3 cusps)
Left side- Bicuspid or mitral valve
Valve cusps are attached to _______ _______ which are controlled by _______ muscles.
chordae tendineae
papillary
What is the other name for chordae tendineae?
Heartstrings
What are papillary muscles?
Small cone-shaped muscles
What keeps an AV valve from inverting?
The cusp-chordae tendineae- papillary muscle assembly
Describe the SL valves
2 half-moon cusps (no “strings” attached)
They “poof” out when blood tries to go back
Name the SL valves
Aortic semilunar
Pulmonary semilunar
What does the aortic SL valve do?
Keeps blood from returning from aorta
What does the pulmonary SL valve do?
Keeps blood from returning from the pulmonary trunk
What is the shortest circulation in the body?
What does it do?
Coronary circulation
Supplies blood to the heart
What does the left coronary artery split into?
Anterior interventricular artery (named for its sulcus)
Circumflex artery- Goes around
What does the right coronary artery split into?
Posterior interventricular artery
Marginal artery
What is the coronary sinus?
Venous blood drains into (to right atrium)
What is the name for the connection of 2 arteries?
anastomosis
What is an example of an anastomosis?
The anterior interventricular artery joins the posterior interventricular artery around the apex area.
