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A&P Quarter 2.2 > Heart I > Flashcards

Heart I Flashcards

1
Q

The heart and blood vessels compose the ________ system.

A

Cardiovascular

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2
Q

What is the pulmonary circuit of the heart?

A

Right side of the heart- Supplies alveoli (in lungs) with venous blood

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3
Q

What is the systemic circuit?

A

Left side of heart- Supplies tissues/organs with oxygenated blood

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4
Q

What do we call a blood vessel leaving the heart?

A

Artery

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5
Q

What does each atrium have?

A

Auricle (dog ear)

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6
Q

Where are the apex and base of the heart?

A

Apex is inferior; base is superior

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7
Q

What is the interventricular sulcus?

A

A depression, both ant. and pos. with fat and coronary vessels

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8
Q

What is the coronary sulcus?

A

Goes all the way around, separating the atria from the ventricles, contains fat and coronary vessels

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9
Q

Why is there fat in the sulci?

A

For protection

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10
Q

Name the sulci on the heart

A

Coronary sulcus
Anterior Interventricular sulcus
Posterior Interventricular sulcus

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11
Q

Name the septa in the heart

A

Interatrial septum

Interventricular septum

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12
Q

What does the interatrial septum do?

A

Separates the atria from each other

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13
Q

What does the inter ventricular septum do?

A

Separates ventricles from each other

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14
Q

What are the two fetal bypasses in the heart?

A

Foramen ovale

Ductus arteriosus

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15
Q

What happens to the foramen ovale?

A

Turns to fossa ovalis- found between atria

A small depression in the adult right atrium

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16
Q

What happens to the ductus arteriosus?

A

Turns to ligamentum arteriosum- found between pulmonary trunk and the aorta

17
Q

How does blood enter the right atrium?

A

Superior vena cava, inferior vena cava, coronary sinus (blood from heart muscle)

18
Q

Where does blood leave the heart to?

A

Aorta (to body) and the pulmonary trunk (to lungs via pulmonary arteries)

19
Q

Why does the heart have valves? At a basic level, how do they work?

A

Do not want backflow of blood, needs to flow in one direction. They open and close in response to changes on blood pressure on either side

20
Q

What are the 2 types of valves?

A

AV valves- atrioventricular valves

SL valves- semi lunar valves

21
Q

What do AV valves separate?

A

Artia and ventricle

22
Q

What are the two AV valves, what are they called?

A

Right side- Tricuspid valve (3 cusps)

Left side- Bicuspid or mitral valve

23
Q

Valve cusps are attached to _______ _______ which are controlled by _______ muscles.

A

chordae tendineae

papillary

24
Q

What is the other name for chordae tendineae?

A

Heartstrings

25
Q

What are papillary muscles?

A

Small cone-shaped muscles

26
Q

What keeps an AV valve from inverting?

A

The cusp-chordae tendineae- papillary muscle assembly

27
Q

Describe the SL valves

A

2 half-moon cusps (no “strings” attached)

They “poof” out when blood tries to go back

28
Q

Name the SL valves

A

Aortic semilunar

Pulmonary semilunar

29
Q

What does the aortic SL valve do?

A

Keeps blood from returning from aorta

30
Q

What does the pulmonary SL valve do?

A

Keeps blood from returning from the pulmonary trunk

31
Q

What is the shortest circulation in the body?

What does it do?

A

Coronary circulation

Supplies blood to the heart

32
Q

What does the left coronary artery split into?

A

Anterior interventricular artery (named for its sulcus)

Circumflex artery- Goes around

33
Q

What does the right coronary artery split into?

A

Posterior interventricular artery

Marginal artery

34
Q

What is the coronary sinus?

A

Venous blood drains into (to right atrium)

35
Q

What is the name for the connection of 2 arteries?

A

anastomosis

36
Q

What is an example of an anastomosis?

A

The anterior interventricular artery joins the posterior interventricular artery around the apex area.

A&P Quarter 2.2 (22 decks)

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