Blood I Flashcards
What 3 general things does blood do?
Transportation
Regulation
Protection
How and what does blood transport?
Delivers 02 to the body cells from the lungs and delivers nutrients to body cells from the GI tract
Transports CO2 to the lungs and nitrogenous wastes to the kidneys for elimination
Transports hormones from endocrine glands to the target tissues
How and what does blood regulate?
Adjusts body temperature by its variable rate of flow through the skin
Maintains acid-base balance- blood proteins act as “buffers” for the blood
Maintain adequate fluid volume
How does blood protect the body?
Helps prevent blood loss → clotting mechanism
Helps prevent infection: via phagocytic WBCs; some plasma proteins are antibodies
What is the pH of blood?
7.35-7.45
What is the temperature of blood?
100.4
What percent of body weight is blood?
8%
________ is thicker than water.
Blood.
What volume of blood do men and women have?
Men: 5-6 l
Women: 4-5 l
Blood is ____% plasma and ___% formed elements.
55% Plasma
45% Formed elements
What is a buffy coat? How do you get it?
If you spin blood, a buffy coat of <1%: WBCs and platelets only a thin whitish layer
What color is plasma?
Pale yellow
Plasma is ___% water and ____% solutes.
92% water
8% solutes
What are the three solutes in blood plasma?
Albumins, Globulins, Fibrinogen
What is an albumin?
Promote osmolarity (osmotic concentration)
What are globulins?
Alpha and Beta globulins → Transport
Gamma globulins=Antibodies
What is fibrinogen?
Clotting protein
What three things compose formed elements?
Erythrocytes (RBCs)
Leukocytes (WBCs)
Platelets (for clotting)
What are the two types of leukocytes?
Granular
Agranular
What are the three types of granular leukocytes?
Neutrophil
Eosinophil
Basophil
What are the two types of agranular leukocytes?
Monocytes
Lymphocytes
What are the 2 types of lymphocytes?
T Cells (From thymus) B Cells
What do B-Cells make?
Plasma cells (that make antibodies/ gamma globulins)
What is the production of any formed elements of blood?
hemopoiesis
Where does hemopoiesis occur?
In red bone marrow. In adults: proximal epiphysis of humerus/tibia; flat bones; vertebrae; pelvis
What is the production of RBCs called?
Erythropoiesis
What is the cessation of bleeding?
hemostasis
What is the other name for a RBC?
Erythrocyte
Erythrocystes are ____% of formed elements.
99.9
Physically describe a RBC
A biconcave disc 7.5 μm in diameter; disc to increase surface area, more flexible
What do RBCs do?
Carries O2 to tissues, CO2 to the lungs
Describe, in general, the development of a RBC
The immature RBC makes hemoglobin and then the mature RBC extrudes all of its organelles, so, the RBC is a “bag” of hemoglobin
What 4 things compose hemoglobin?
Consists of 4 globular protein subunits; 2 alphas and 2 betas
What is heme?
A nonprotein ring surrounding a single ion of Fe2+
Where is heme found?
In each subunit consists of a single molecule of heme (2 α and 2 β)
What does heme do?
Collects 02. O2 binds reversibly to the Fe2+ at the center of the heme
Each RBC carries _____ molecules of Hb, so that’s _________ oxygens.
250 million
1 billion
