Blood I

Question 1

What 3 general things does blood do?

Answer 1

Transportation
Regulation
Protection

Question 2

How and what does blood transport?

Answer 2

Delivers 02 to the body cells from the lungs and delivers nutrients to body cells from the GI tract
Transports CO2 to the lungs and nitrogenous wastes to the kidneys for elimination
Transports hormones from endocrine glands to the target tissues

Question 3

How and what does blood regulate?

Answer 3

Adjusts body temperature by its variable rate of flow through the skin
Maintains acid-base balance- blood proteins act as “buffers” for the blood
Maintain adequate fluid volume

Question 4

How does blood protect the body?

Answer 4

Helps prevent blood loss → clotting mechanism

Helps prevent infection: via phagocytic WBCs; some plasma proteins are antibodies

Question 5

What is the pH of blood?

Answer 5

7.35-7.45

Question 6

What is the temperature of blood?

Answer 6

100.4

Question 7

What percent of body weight is blood?

Answer 7

8%

Question 8

________ is thicker than water.

Answer 8

Blood.

Question 9

What volume of blood do men and women have?

Answer 9

Men: 5-6 l
Women: 4-5 l

Question 10

Blood is ____% plasma and ___% formed elements.

Answer 10

55% Plasma

45% Formed elements

Question 11

What is a buffy coat? How do you get it?

Answer 11

If you spin blood, a buffy coat of <1%: WBCs and platelets only a thin whitish layer

Question 12

What color is plasma?

Answer 12

Pale yellow

Question 13

Plasma is ___% water and ____% solutes.

Answer 13

92% water

8% solutes

Question 14

What are the three solutes in blood plasma?

Answer 14

Albumins, Globulins, Fibrinogen

Question 15

What is an albumin?

Answer 15

Promote osmolarity (osmotic concentration)

Question 16

What are globulins?

Answer 16

Alpha and Beta globulins → Transport

Gamma globulins=Antibodies

Question 17

What is fibrinogen?

Answer 17

Clotting protein

Question 18

What three things compose formed elements?

Answer 18

Erythrocytes (RBCs)
Leukocytes (WBCs)
Platelets (for clotting)

Question 19

What are the two types of leukocytes?

Answer 19

Granular

Agranular

Question 20

What are the three types of granular leukocytes?

Answer 20

Neutrophil
Eosinophil
Basophil

Question 21

What are the two types of agranular leukocytes?

Answer 21

Monocytes

Lymphocytes

Question 22

What are the 2 types of lymphocytes?

Answer 22

T Cells (From thymus)
B Cells

Question 23

What do B-Cells make?

Answer 23

Plasma cells (that make antibodies/ gamma globulins)

Question 24

What is the production of any formed elements of blood?

Answer 24

hemopoiesis

Question 25

Where does hemopoiesis occur?

Answer 25

In red bone marrow. In adults: proximal epiphysis of humerus/tibia; flat bones; vertebrae; pelvis

Question 26

What is the production of RBCs called?

Answer 26

Erythropoiesis

Question 27

What is the cessation of bleeding?

Answer 27

hemostasis

Question 28

What is the other name for a RBC?

Answer 28

Erythrocyte

Question 29

Erythrocystes are ____% of formed elements.

Answer 29

99.9

Question 30

Physically describe a RBC

Answer 30

A biconcave disc 7.5 μm in diameter; disc to increase surface area, more flexible

Question 31

What do RBCs do?

Answer 31

Carries O2 to tissues, CO2 to the lungs

Question 32

Describe, in general, the development of a RBC

Answer 32

The immature RBC makes hemoglobin and then the mature RBC extrudes all of its organelles, so, the RBC is a “bag” of hemoglobin

Question 33

What 4 things compose hemoglobin?

Answer 33

Consists of 4 globular protein subunits; 2 alphas and 2 betas

Question 34

What is heme?

Answer 34

A nonprotein ring surrounding a single ion of Fe2+

Question 35

Where is heme found?

Answer 35

In each subunit consists of a single molecule of heme (2 α and 2 β)

Question 36

What does heme do?

Answer 36

Collects 02. O2 binds reversibly to the Fe2+ at the center of the heme

Question 37

Each RBC carries _____ molecules of Hb, so that’s _________ oxygens.

Answer 37

250 million

1 billion