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A&P Quarter 2.2 > Erythrocytes, II; Granular Leukocytes > Flashcards

Erythrocytes, II; Granular Leukocytes Flashcards

1
Q

Each Hb molecule can transport _____ oxygens.

A

4

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2
Q

How many molecules of Hb and therefore, O2, can a RBC transport?

A

250 million Hb

1 billion O2

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3
Q

There are ___g of iron in the body. ___% of that iron is in Hb.

A

4 grams

75%

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4
Q

RBCs live _____ days, there are ________ in circulation, _________ are made/destroyed a second.

A

120 days
25 Trillion
2.5 million

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5
Q

The _______, and to a lesser extent, the _____ removal old RBCs.

A

Spleen

Liver

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6
Q

The iron and proteins in an old RBC are ______.

A

Recycled

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7
Q

What is recycled heme turned into?

A

Bilirubin

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8
Q

What is bilirubin?

A

A yellow/green pigment of bile

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9
Q

What is hematocrit?

A

The % of RBCs in the blood

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10
Q

What is a normal hematocrit for mean and women?

A

Men- 47%

Women- 42%

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11
Q

What is anemia?

A

When blood has an abnormally low oxygen-carrying capacity

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12
Q

What are two causes of anemia?

A

Low Hb or Decreased RBC count

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13
Q

What is sickle cell anemia? How can you write it?

A

Abnormal hemoglobin, sickle shaped
The RBCs are “sticky”
HbS

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14
Q

What is a side-benefit of HbS?

A

Protects carriers from malaria

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15
Q

What is EPO?

A

Erythropoietin

A hormone from the kidney that stimulates RBC production

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16
Q

At a molecular level, what happens with CO and Hb?

A

Will bind to Fe2+ 210 stronger than O2, so it displaces O2

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17
Q

What are Sx of CO poisoning?

A

The face becomes cherry red, confusion and headache

Need to administer 100% 02 to clear

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18
Q

Leukocytes compose less than __% of blood volume.

A

1%

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19
Q

_________ are the only formed elements that are complete cells. Therefore, they have nuclei.

A

Leukocytes

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20
Q

Leukocytes can slip in and out of blood _______ to get to infected tissue.

A

Capillaries

21
Q

How many types of Leukocytes are there?

A

5.
Granular: Neutrophil, Eosinophil, Basophil
Agranular: Lymphocyte, Monocyte

22
Q

How long does a leukocyte live?

A

5-6 days

23
Q

Where are leukocytes formed? Where do they mature?

A

Formed in bone marrow

All but T-Cells mature in marrow, T-Cells mature in thymus

24
Q

What are the three granular leukocytes? What does granular mean?

A

Neutrophil, Eosinophil, Basophil

Have granules under microscope

25
Q

Neutrophils are ____% of leukocytes and have ____ lobes.

A

65%

2-6 lobes. More lobes means older.

26
Q

Describe the granules of a neutrophil.

A

Fine granules, lilac colored

27
Q

What size are neutrophils?

A

Almost twice as large as RBCs, 10-12 μm

28
Q

What is the most abundant leukocyte?

A

Neutrophils

29
Q

How do neutrophils act?

A

Phagocytic- Destroy bacteria, viruses, and other foreign substances

30
Q

An increase of neutrophils can indicate what?

A

Infection

31
Q

What leukocyte is the first responder to tissue damage?

A

Neutrophil, eg responding to a cut

32
Q

Eosinophils are ___% of leukocytes.

A

2%

33
Q

Describe the nucleus of a eosinophil.

A

2 lobes, connected by a strand

34
Q

Describe the granules of eosinophil.

A

Large, uniform, red-orange in color

35
Q

What size is eosinophil?

A

Slightly larger than a neutrophil, 10-14 μm

36
Q

What is the role of eosinophils?

A

Lead counterattack against parasites (So ↑ eosinophil, then parasite)
eg, tapeworm, flukes, pinworms, hookworms

37
Q

What do increased numbers of eosinophils indicate?

A

Potential parasitic infection

38
Q

What is an antigen-antibody complex?

A

A complex formed by an antibody binding to an antigen.

39
Q

What ingests foreign proteins and antigen-antibody complexes?

A

Eosinophil

40
Q

Basophils are __% of leukocytes.

A

1%

41
Q

Describe the nucleus of a basophil

A

bilobed or irregular, sometimes S-Shaped

42
Q

Describe the granules of a basophil

A

Large, blue-black (hiding nucleus), no cytoplasm visible

43
Q

What size is basophil?

A

Slightly smaller than neutrophil, 8-10 μm

44
Q

What do basophils play a role in?

A

Allergic reactions

45
Q

What two compounds does basophil contain?

A

Histamine

Heparin

46
Q

What is histamine? What does it do?

A

Vasodilator, ↑ blood flow to tissue

47
Q

What is heparin? What does it do?

A

Anticoagulant, Inhibits clotting, promoting mobility of WBCs in area

48
Q

What other signals do basophils release?

A

Release chemical signals that attract eosinophils and neutrophils to site of infection

A&P Quarter 2.2 (22 decks)

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