Erythrocytes, II; Granular Leukocytes Flashcards
Each Hb molecule can transport _____ oxygens.
4
How many molecules of Hb and therefore, O2, can a RBC transport?
250 million Hb
1 billion O2
There are ___g of iron in the body. ___% of that iron is in Hb.
4 grams
75%
RBCs live _____ days, there are ________ in circulation, _________ are made/destroyed a second.
120 days
25 Trillion
2.5 million
The _______, and to a lesser extent, the _____ removal old RBCs.
Spleen
Liver
The iron and proteins in an old RBC are ______.
Recycled
What is recycled heme turned into?
Bilirubin
What is bilirubin?
A yellow/green pigment of bile
What is hematocrit?
The % of RBCs in the blood
What is a normal hematocrit for mean and women?
Men- 47%
Women- 42%
What is anemia?
When blood has an abnormally low oxygen-carrying capacity
What are two causes of anemia?
Low Hb or Decreased RBC count
What is sickle cell anemia? How can you write it?
Abnormal hemoglobin, sickle shaped
The RBCs are “sticky”
HbS
What is a side-benefit of HbS?
Protects carriers from malaria
What is EPO?
Erythropoietin
A hormone from the kidney that stimulates RBC production
At a molecular level, what happens with CO and Hb?
Will bind to Fe2+ 210 stronger than O2, so it displaces O2
What are Sx of CO poisoning?
The face becomes cherry red, confusion and headache
Need to administer 100% 02 to clear
Leukocytes compose less than __% of blood volume.
1%
_________ are the only formed elements that are complete cells. Therefore, they have nuclei.
Leukocytes
Leukocytes can slip in and out of blood _______ to get to infected tissue.
Capillaries
How many types of Leukocytes are there?
5.
Granular: Neutrophil, Eosinophil, Basophil
Agranular: Lymphocyte, Monocyte
How long does a leukocyte live?
5-6 days
Where are leukocytes formed? Where do they mature?
Formed in bone marrow
All but T-Cells mature in marrow, T-Cells mature in thymus
What are the three granular leukocytes? What does granular mean?
Neutrophil, Eosinophil, Basophil
Have granules under microscope
Neutrophils are ____% of leukocytes and have ____ lobes.
65%
2-6 lobes. More lobes means older.
Describe the granules of a neutrophil.
Fine granules, lilac colored
What size are neutrophils?
Almost twice as large as RBCs, 10-12 μm
What is the most abundant leukocyte?
Neutrophils
How do neutrophils act?
Phagocytic- Destroy bacteria, viruses, and other foreign substances
An increase of neutrophils can indicate what?
Infection
What leukocyte is the first responder to tissue damage?
Neutrophil, eg responding to a cut
Eosinophils are ___% of leukocytes.
2%
Describe the nucleus of a eosinophil.
2 lobes, connected by a strand
Describe the granules of eosinophil.
Large, uniform, red-orange in color
What size is eosinophil?
Slightly larger than a neutrophil, 10-14 μm
What is the role of eosinophils?
Lead counterattack against parasites (So ↑ eosinophil, then parasite)
eg, tapeworm, flukes, pinworms, hookworms
What do increased numbers of eosinophils indicate?
Potential parasitic infection
What is an antigen-antibody complex?
A complex formed by an antibody binding to an antigen.
What ingests foreign proteins and antigen-antibody complexes?
Eosinophil
Basophils are __% of leukocytes.
1%
Describe the nucleus of a basophil
bilobed or irregular, sometimes S-Shaped
Describe the granules of a basophil
Large, blue-black (hiding nucleus), no cytoplasm visible
What size is basophil?
Slightly smaller than neutrophil, 8-10 μm
What do basophils play a role in?
Allergic reactions
What two compounds does basophil contain?
Histamine
Heparin
What is histamine? What does it do?
Vasodilator, ↑ blood flow to tissue
What is heparin? What does it do?
Anticoagulant, Inhibits clotting, promoting mobility of WBCs in area
What other signals do basophils release?
Release chemical signals that attract eosinophils and neutrophils to site of infection
