heart defects acyanotic

Question 1

What does acynaotic heart defect mean?

Answer 1

left side of heart to right side of the heart.

Question 2

What does cyanotic defect mean?

Answer 2

right side of the heart blood moving to left side

Question 3

Whats the main difference in terms of presentation for acyanotic vs cyanotic?

Answer 3

Acyanotic: present later in life.
Cyanotic: presents shortly after birth

Question 4

What are the acyanotic shunts?

Answer 4

ASD, VSD, PDA

Question 5

What is the best confirmatory test for acyanotic heart disease

Answer 5

echocardiography

Question 6

What is the confirmatory study for R->L shunts (atrial shunt)

Answer 6

bubble study

Question 7

overall congenital defect Most common

Answer 7

ventricular septal defect

Question 8

pathophysiology of ventricular septal defect

Answer 8

left ventricle shunting into right (RV volume overload)

Question 9

Where does the VSD occur?

Answer 9

membranous part of the ventricular septum

Question 10

What are complications of ventricular septal defect?

Answer 10

rv dilated cardiac myopathy (bc right ventricle is overflowing with blood), pulmonary hypertension (b/c blood going to lungs)

Question 11

How do you tell the difference between VSD and Mitral Regurg as they are both holosystolic murmurs?

Answer 11

Based on the locations.
VSD: Left Lower Sternal Border
Mitral Regurg: Apex

Question 12

Increase the afterload- what happens to the murmur of mitral regurg and VSD

Answer 12

increase in intensity

Question 13

What is the relationship between murmur intensity and severity/size?

Answer 13

decreased intensity, it its bigger in size

Question 14

Which condition is associated with ASD and VSD?

Answer 14

Down Syndrome 21

Question 15

Atrial Septal Defect means what

Answer 15

defect in atria, left to right shunting, increase in RAP

Question 16

How does the ASD present

Answer 16

wide fixed split A2. paradoxical embolism and cryptogenic stroke.

Question 17

patent foramen ovale pathogenesis

Answer 17

impaired fusion of septum primp and septum secundum

Question 18

what is the complication of PFO

Answer 18

paradoxical embolism

Question 19

patent ductus arteriosus- pathogenesis

Answer 19

impaired closure of ductus arteriosus
left to right shunting from aorta to pulmonary vessels

Question 20

continuous machine like murmur, left infraclavicular, wide pulse presure- what type of murmur

Answer 20

patent ductus arteriosus

Question 21

which medication to use close PDA?

Answer 21

indomethacin

Question 22

What is the condition for PDA?

Answer 22

prematurity, rubella, fetal alcohol syndrome,

Question 23

Eisenmenger Syndrome

Answer 23

reversal of a Left to right shunt that becomes right to left

Question 24

How do you tell the difference between PDA and Coarctation of aorta since they both present with differential cyanosis

Answer 24

PDA: normal BP, pulse LE
Coarctation: decreased BP lower extremity, pulses lower extremity