cardiomyopathy Flashcards
What are the different types of cardiomyopathy?
3) Major: dilated: systolic- Dilated, Restricted, HOCM, viral myocarditis, chagas, takosubo, amyloid,
Systolic HF is associated with what?
dilated cardiomyopathy not diastolic
restrictive cardiomyopathy associated with what type of heart failure?
diastolic HF
_____ is a cause of left hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
chronic hypertension
Dilated cardiomyopathy how do you add sarcomeres?
eccentric hypertrophy
What are the associations with dilated cardiomyopathy? (volume preload increase)- CAUSES
viral myocarditis, chagas disease, takotsubo, pregnancy, excess alcohol use
increased LV mass, decreased LV cavity, decreased LV relaxation- associated with what?
restrictive cardiomyopathy
What is the cause of restrictive cardiomyopathy?
pressure overload conditions.
prolonged HTN, aortic stenosis.
Infiltrative disorders:
amyloidosis, hemochromatosis, sarcoidosis, radiation induced
diastolic heart failure and primary resstrictive cardiomyopathies present with ______ ventricular compliance
reduced ventricular compliance
What is the patho behind HOCM?
B myosin heavy chain defect and myosin binding protien C (sarcomere protien) defect. Autosomal dominant condition + dynamic LV outflow tract obstruction = (septal thickness)
Histopathology of HOCM
myofibrillary disarray and intersitial fibrosis
What happens to the LV mass, LV cavity, and LV relaxation
presents similarly to restrictive cardiomyopathy
adding protiens (concentric hypertrophy)–increased LV mass,
Derease the LV cavity
Decrease LV relaxation
How does the murmur differ of HOCM between aortic stenosis? as both are cresendo decresendo murmurs
HOCM- cresendo decresendo murmur at Left lower sternal border
OR
Holosystolic murmur at apex
these murmurs will get louder with increased preload and afterload
aortic stenosis murmur will increase with valsalva and increase with passive leg
hocm murmur: increase valsalva and decrease with passive leg raise
Management of HOCM
B Blockers- decrease HR, decrease contractility
What are the viruses that can cause viral myocarditis?
coxsackie,
adenovirus
influenza
histopathology of viral myocarditis
inflammatory myocarditis look at the blue
viral myocarditis is termed as what type of cardiomyopathy
dilated cardiomyopathy
direct parasite- which type of cardiomyopathy?
chagas disease. (central and south america)
histopathology of chagas disease
protozoa peripheral to myocytes with inflammatory infiltration
chagas disease- what type of cardiomyopathy
dilated cardiomyopathy
non cardiac features of chagas disease
megaesophagus
megacolon
localized apical wall thinning in chagas disease increases the risk of what
emboli (wall thinning- becomes weak) so you are at higher risk of rupture/thrombus
Takotsubo cardiomyopathy- what type of patient
death of a loved one
postmenopausal female.
patho of takotsubo cardiomyopathy/what type of cardiomyopathy
catecholamine surge- impaired kinetic activity of the left ventricle. assn with dilated cardiomyopathy
amyloid cardiomyopathy is associated with ___ pathology
increased extracellular deposition of amloidogenic proteins (transthyretin, light chain)
pink amorphous material surrounding cardiomyocytes + apple green birefringence: what cardiomyopathy
amyloid cardiomyopathy
Differential for sudden cardiac death
HOCM,
Brugada
Long QT
