cardiac cycle Flashcards

1
Q

Which sound can you auscultate in the 2nd R/L intercostal space?

A

L- pulmonic
R- aortic

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2
Q

What sound can you auscultate at the 4th parasternal space?

A

tricuspid valve

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3
Q

What can you auscultate at the 5th midclavicular line?

A

mitral

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4
Q

If they have a regurg or stenosis, where do you listen?

A

2nd parasternal ICS

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5
Q

What is the S1 sound?

A

close the mitral and tricuspid valve (onset of systole) best heard at the cardiac apex

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6
Q

What is the S2 sound?

A

closure of pulmonary and aortic valve

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7
Q

Where is the S2 sound heard the best?

A

P2= =pulmonic valve at the 2nd L parasternal ICS, and A2= 2nd R parasternal ICS

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8
Q

S1 is the onset of which phase of the cardiac cycle?

A

systole

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9
Q

S2 is onset of which part of the cardiac cycle

A

onset of diastole

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10
Q

What would widen the P2?

A

Inspiration, ASD (pulmonic valve), pulmonary stenosis, Right bundle branch block

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11
Q

What is the paradoxical split?

A

P2 comes before A2, severe aortic stenosis, left bundle branch block. anything that increases the afterload against the aortic valve

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12
Q

narrowing of s2 split in inspiration is indicative of of what?

A

paradoxical splitting ( severe aortic stenosis)

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13
Q

When is S3 pathologic?

A

heart failure, mitral regurg, aortic regurg

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14
Q

When is S3 normal?

A

young, fit, pregnancy

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15
Q

What is S3 produced by?

A

rapid passive ventricular filling increase in left ventricular volumes, heard at the apex

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16
Q

When is the s3 heard?

A

early diastole, after S2 gallop.

17
Q

What is S4 produced by?

A

atrial kick, increased left ventricular pressures.

18
Q

When is it heard?

A

Late diastole, before S1

19
Q

When is it physiologic? S3

A

elderly

20
Q

When is S4 pathological?

A

heart failure (diastolic), hypertension, aortic stenosis

21
Q

Which phase of the cardiac cycle has the highest oxygen consumption

A

isovolumetric contraction

22
Q

In isovolumetric contraction, what changes?

A

pressure, ventricular depolarization (ECG)

23
Q
A
23
Q

A wave on JVP

A

atrial systole

24
Q

c wave on JVP

A

ventricular contraction, tricuspid valve pushes into atrium

25
Q

x wave descent on JVP

A

atrial relaxation

26
Q

y descent

A

ventricular filling

27
Q

cannon a waves pathology

A

premature atrial kick, 3rd degree av block: atria and ventricle not syncing up

28
Q

When v wave is higher than a wave- what condition

A

regurgitation

29
Q

aortic regurgitation, there is an incompetent aortic valve that results in regurgitation of blood from the aorta back into the left ventricle; as a result, diastolic blood pressure is/ vs systolic

A

decreased,
To compensate for the reduced efficiency of left ventricular ejection (due to backflow) in aortic regurgitation, the heart will contract harder, thus increasing the systolic blood pressure.

30
Q

What happens to the dicrotic notch in aortic regurg?

A

The dicrotic notch results from a sudden pressure increase when the aortic valve closes after ventricular systole. In aortic regurgitation, the dicrotic notch classically disappears because the aortic valve fails to close properly

31
Q
A