Cardiac Parameters

Question 1

End Diastolic Volume is equal to

Answer 1

Preload

Question 2

SV formula

Answer 2

EDV-EST

Question 3

Ejection fraction formula

Answer 3

SV/EDV

Question 4

Normal ejection fraction value

Answer 4

50%

Question 5

What is the relationship with contractility and end systolic volume?

Answer 5

More contractility will push more blood out of the heart and therefore less blood at the end of systole in the heart. Therefore, less end systolic volume.

Question 6

What happens when you administer to nitrate, will you have more blood coming to the heart or less?

Answer 6

Less blood coming to the heart. venous side is like a fridge, venous side increases compliance and decreases the preload.

Question 7

afterload is synonymous with?

Answer 7

TPR, SVR

Question 8

Total peripheral resistance is dictated by what?

Answer 8

Arterioles

Question 9

What is the connection between TPR and DBP?

Answer 9

When TPR goes up, DBP goes up

Question 10

What is the relationship between increased TPR and ESV, and SV?

Answer 10

ESV increases, because there’s more resistance and therefore the heart cant pump everything out so the end systolic volume will increase. SV will decrease because the heart doesn’t push the volume out of the heart (SV= EDV-ESV)

Question 11

Hydralazine is an arterial dilator- what is the effect

Answer 11

lowers TPR

Question 12

What increases contractility of the heart?

Answer 12

Sympathetic Response

Question 13

What is the relationship between contractility and End systolic volume?

Answer 13

Increase in contractility pushing more blood out of the heart, and therefore decreases end systolic volume and increases the stroke volume

Question 14

Which is the most susceptible to ischemia? (heart)

Answer 14

subendocardium

Question 15

What’s the relationship between increased heart rate and cardiac output?

Answer 15

less time spent in diastole (not enough time to fill the heart)

Question 16

Coronary perfusion occurs in which part of the cycle

Answer 16

diastole

Question 17

What is the volume for cardiac output?

Answer 17

HR X SV= CO

Question 17

What’s the relationship between EDV and preload? (on myocyte)

Answer 17

increase in myocyte and sacromere length

Question 18

What is the relationship between increased preload and contractility?

Answer 18

Increased preload leads to increased contractility

Question 19

What is the relationship between cardiac output and arteriovenous difference?

Answer 19

increased arteriovenous difference, and decreases the cardiac output

Question 20

What is the mean arterial pressure?

Answer 20

average blood pressure in one complete cardiac cycle

Question 21

What are the formulas for Mean arterial pressure?

Answer 21

Question 22

What is the relationship between pulse pressure and stroke volume?

Answer 22

Increased pulse pressure= increased stroke volume

Question 23

What is the pulse pressure?

Answer 23

Systolic Pressure- diastolic pressure

Question 24

Etiology of narrow pulse pressure

Answer 24

cardiac tamponade

Question 25

Wide pulse pressure etiology

Answer 25

aortic regurgitation

Question 26

Most organs of the body get supplied during which part of the cardiac cycle?

Answer 26

systole

Question 27

What happens to coronary artery in the heart when exercising?

Answer 27

coronary vasodilation (nitric oxide, adenosine local mediators)

Question 28

Coronary sinus is what?

Answer 28

coronary veins- contains deoxygenated blood that will drain into right atrium

Question 29

Pulmonary capillary wedge pressure is synonymous with pressure of which heart chamber?

Answer 29

left atrium