Health And Human Rights Lesson 7: Geopolitical Intervention

Question 1

When might military aid be given?

Answer 1

• To countries whose human rigths record over time is poor
• Often given at a change in regime so that there is support for improvement in human rights

Question 2

Who were the top receivers of US foreign military spending in 2015?

Answer 2

Pakistan, Iraq and Yemen
(The worst human rights offenders in 2014)

Question 3

How did Jordan breach human rights by threatening freedom of speech?

Answer 3

• Accepted refugees from Syria but refused entry to all Palestinian refugees escaping Syria
• Detained and deported all those who entered Jordan illegally
• Narrowed scope of judicial courts and pursued torture

Question 4

When the US renwe a 5 year aid package for Jordan?

Answer 4

2014

Question 5

How much economic assisstance was provided by the US aid package too Jordan?

Answer 5

$360 million

Question 6

How much foreign military finance was provided by the US aid package to Jordan?

Answer 6

$300 million

Question 7

How much was provided towards costs casued by instability in the US aid package to Jordan?

Answer 7

$340 million

Question 8

What was Jordan’s Freedom index Score in 2016?

Answer 8

36/100

Question 9

What are the disadvatages of miliatry aid?

Answer 9

• Aid may be given for political reasons to gain influence in a country or key region
• Takes a huge amount of time for political and cultural change, sometimes countries return to their old ways

Question 10

Where did the Institute of Economics and Peace Global Terrorism Index of 2015 show that 2014 terrorism was concentrated?

Answer 10

In 5 countries - Iraq, Afghanistan, Nigeria, Pakistan, and Syria

Question 11

What % of lives lost globally by terrorism were caused by the main 5 countries?

Answer 11

78%

Question 12

What % of terrorism attacks were in countires that supported political violence and lacked a respect for human rights?

Answer 12

92%

Question 13

How many fighters did ISIS have?

Answer 13

31 000

Question 14

Why were ISIS so effecttive?

Answer 14

• Highly organised
• Wealthy due to oil gaining territory in Iraq and Syria to form a caliphate

Question 15

What was the response of the UK ad US to ISIS?

Answer 15

Air strikes to halt and weaken

Question 16

When was Osama bin Laden killed? Where?

Answer 16

2nd May 2011
Pakistan

Question 17

Who was elected Afghan president in 2004 and 2009?
What was the aim?

Answer 17

Hamid Karzai
Instil democracy

Question 18

When were the Taliban removed from power?

Answer 18

December 2001

Question 19

How many US miliatry deaths in the war in Afghanistan?

Answer 19

2175

Question 20

How much did the Afghan war cost the US per year?

Answer 20

$100 million

Question 21

How many refugees did the US accept from Afghanistan?

Answer 21

90 000

Question 22

How much did the Afghan war cost the UK?

Answer 22

£12 billion

Question 23

How many UK soldiers were killed, wounded and psychologically injured in Afghanistan?

Answer 23

444 killed
2600 wounded
5000 psychologically injured

Question 24

How much aid did Afghanistan receive from the UK over 5 years from 2014/15?

Answer 24

£710 million

Question 25

How many refugess did the UK take from the Afghan war?

Answer 25

56 000

Question 26

What are the advatages of military action, shown by Afghanistan?

Answer 26

- Can be argued that a change i regime in Afghanistan reduces the terrorist threat - There have been success in improving human rights e.g. education and healthcare

Question 27

What are the disadvatges of military action, shown by the Afghan war?

Answer 27

- Have bought into question the human rights record of those intervening - Costly

Question 28

What was Guantanamo Bay?

Answer 28

Construted by the US naval base in Cuba in 2002 to hold extremists

Question 29

How many people were held at Guantanamo Bay in 2013? How many still remain?

Answer 29

775 pased through 55 still remain as of January 2017 - too dangerous to ever release

Question 30

What was the issue with Guantanamo Bay?

Answer 30

- Beyond jurisdiction of US law - According to the Supreme Court the treatment of detaineees violated the Geneva Conention Obama called for its closure

Question 31

How many civilian deaths were caused by the war in Afghanistan?

Answer 31

149 000

Question 32

How many different regime changes has Afghanistan experienced in the past 50 years? Why is this a problem?

Answer 32

4+ changes Difficult to re-unite and restructure countires after a regime change Little stability created

Question 33

How many people are in prison camps in North Korea?

Answer 33

80 000 - 120 000

Question 34

When was development aid first given out and why? How has this changed over time?

Answer 34

- During the Cold War - For political reasons to persuade countries West or East - End of Cold War: realigned to help poor people anywhere in the World - 21st century: politicised again to combat extremism or migration

Question 35

What % of EU aid was for ‘government and civil society’ in 2014?

Answer 35

17.52%

Question 36

What % of EU aid was for ‘humnaitarian aid’ in 2014?

Answer 36

17.63%

Question 37

What 2 forms can development aid be given in?

Answer 37

Bilaterally Multilaterally

Question 38

What does bilateral aid allow?

Answer 38

Allows a country to pursue its own agenda

Question 39

What is multilateral aid?

Answer 39

Given through the UN, World Bank and other NGOs but these are heavily influenced by powerful countries

Question 40

What is Official Development Assisstance?

Answer 40

A term used by the OECD to measure aid. It is widely used as an indicator of flows of international aid

Question 41

What is the UK’s target for bilateral aid? What does this equate to in £?

Answer 41

0.7% of gross national income Equates to £11.2 billion in 2013

Question 42

How much did the UK donate to Somalia in 2012? Why was this seen as controversial?

Answer 42

£86.8 million Aiding the world’s highest ranked country for corruption

Question 43

How much British aid was given to Afghanistan? Where were Afghanistan ranked for corruption in the world?

Answer 43

£200 million Ranked 3rd

Question 44

Which country was ranked the highest for receiving development aid in 2013? How much was this?

Answer 44

Afghanistan $5.05 billion

Question 45

How much development aid did Myanmar receieve in 2013?

Answer 45

$3417 million

Question 46

Why is development aid seen as cotroversial?

Answer 46

- Much aid goes to highly corrupt nations - doesn’t actually go where it’s supposed to - Much aid is in the form of loans which attracts intrest - all too easy to enter a spiral of debt - It is a matter of friendship

Question 47

Why is development aid seen as acceptable?

Answer 47

- The idea of technical assistance throught the transfer of expertise/skills/technology is seen as more acceptable than bottom up development -Belief in philanthropy

Question 48

What are trade embargos?

Answer 48

Foreign policies or laws that ban exports to and imports from a country in protest against actions by that country

Question 49

What trade embargo was placed on Iran? Why?

Answer 49

Concerns over enriched unranium being exported Lifted in 2016

Question 50

What trade embargo was successful in Africa? What years was this between?

Answer 50

South Africa during the apartheid years Ban on selling goods like weapons and petroleum 1948-1994

Question 51

Which IGO condemned the trade embargo between the USA and Cuba?

Answer 51

UN

Question 52

How much did the trade embargo witht the USA cost Cuba per year?

Answer 52

$685 million

Question 53

How much did the trade embargo with Cuba cost the USA per year?

Answer 53

$1.2 billion

Question 54

Who lifted the trade embargo between the USA and Cuba?

Answer 54

President Obama

Question 55

What are the advantages of trade emabrgoes?

Answer 55

Severe economic implications can be enough to bring about a regime change/change in attitudes

Question 56

What are the disadvatages of trade embargoes?

Answer 56

- Less money generated for the country. Civilians might lose out further - Ususally leads to a diplomatic fall out - Can also do it to protect domestic production, therefore rich countries get richer and the poor get poorer

Question 57

What did Edmund Burke say about military action?

Answer 57

‘The only thing necessary for the triumph of evil is for good men to do nothing’

Question 58

How many Kurd deaths was Saddam Hussain responsible for in the genocide of the Kurdish population in norther Iraq?

Answer 58

180 000

Question 59

What % of teenage girls are literate in Afghanistan?

Answer 59

37%

Question 60

What % of women are literate in Afghanistan?

Answer 60

19%

Question 61

How many students were enrolled in school under the Taliban? How many were girls?

Answer 61

1.2 million 50 000 were girls

Question 62

How many children attended school in 2013 after the Taliban were removed?

Answer 62

10.5 million