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Geography > Health And Human Rights Lesson 7: Geopolitical Intervention > Flashcards

Health And Human Rights Lesson 7: Geopolitical Intervention Flashcards

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1
Q

When might military aid be given?

A
  • To countries whose human rigths record over time is poor
  • Often given at a change in regime so that there is support for improvement in human rights
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2
Q

Who were the top receivers of US foreign military spending in 2015?

A

Pakistan, Iraq and Yemen
(The worst human rights offenders in 2014)

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3
Q

How did Jordan breach human rights by threatening freedom of speech?

A
  • Accepted refugees from Syria but refused entry to all Palestinian refugees escaping Syria
  • Detained and deported all those who entered Jordan illegally
  • Narrowed scope of judicial courts and pursued torture
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4
Q

When the US renwe a 5 year aid package for Jordan?

A

2014

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5
Q

How much economic assisstance was provided by the US aid package too Jordan?

A

$360 million

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6
Q

How much foreign military finance was provided by the US aid package to Jordan?

A

$300 million

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7
Q

How much was provided towards costs casued by instability in the US aid package to Jordan?

A

$340 million

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8
Q

What was Jordan’s Freedom index Score in 2016?

A

36/100

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9
Q

What are the disadvatages of miliatry aid?

A
  • Aid may be given for political reasons to gain influence in a country or key region
  • Takes a huge amount of time for political and cultural change, sometimes countries return to their old ways
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10
Q

Where did the Institute of Economics and Peace Global Terrorism Index of 2015 show that 2014 terrorism was concentrated?

A

In 5 countries - Iraq, Afghanistan, Nigeria, Pakistan, and Syria

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11
Q

What % of lives lost globally by terrorism were caused by the main 5 countries?

A

78%

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12
Q

What % of terrorism attacks were in countires that supported political violence and lacked a respect for human rights?

A

92%

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13
Q

How many fighters did ISIS have?

A

31 000

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14
Q

Why were ISIS so effecttive?

A
  • Highly organised
  • Wealthy due to oil gaining territory in Iraq and Syria to form a caliphate
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15
Q

What was the response of the UK ad US to ISIS?

A

Air strikes to halt and weaken

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16
Q

When was Osama bin Laden killed? Where?

A

2nd May 2011
Pakistan

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17
Q

Who was elected Afghan president in 2004 and 2009?
What was the aim?

A

Hamid Karzai
Instil democracy

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18
Q

When were the Taliban removed from power?

A

December 2001

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19
Q

How many US miliatry deaths in the war in Afghanistan?

A

2175

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20
Q

How much did the Afghan war cost the US per year?

A

$100 million

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21
Q

How many refugees did the US accept from Afghanistan?

A

90 000

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22
Q

How much did the Afghan war cost the UK?

A

£12 billion

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23
Q

How many UK soldiers were killed, wounded and psychologically injured in Afghanistan?

A

444 killed
2600 wounded
5000 psychologically injured

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24
Q

How much aid did Afghanistan receive from the UK over 5 years from 2014/15?

A

£710 million

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25
Q

How many refugess did the UK take from the Afghan war?

A

56 000

26
Q

What are the advatages of military action, shown by Afghanistan?

A
  • Can be argued that a change i regime in Afghanistan reduces the terrorist threat
  • There have been success in improving human rights e.g. education and healthcare
27
Q

What are the disadvatges of military action, shown by the Afghan war?

A
  • Have bought into question the human rights record of those intervening
  • Costly
28
Q

What was Guantanamo Bay?

A

Construted by the US naval base in Cuba in 2002 to hold extremists

29
Q

How many people were held at Guantanamo Bay in 2013? How many still remain?

A

775 pased through
55 still remain as of January 2017 - too dangerous to ever release

30
Q

What was the issue with Guantanamo Bay?

A
  • Beyond jurisdiction of US law
  • According to the Supreme Court the treatment of detaineees violated the Geneva Conention
    Obama called for its closure
31
Q

How many civilian deaths were caused by the war in Afghanistan?

A

149 000

32
Q

How many different regime changes has Afghanistan experienced in the past 50 years? Why is this a problem?

A

4+ changes
Difficult to re-unite and restructure countires after a regime change
Little stability created

33
Q

How many people are in prison camps in North Korea?

A

80 000 - 120 000

34
Q

When was development aid first given out and why? How has this changed over time?

A
  • During the Cold War
  • For political reasons to persuade countries West or East
  • End of Cold War: realigned to help poor people anywhere in the World
  • 21st century: politicised again to combat extremism or migration
35
Q

What % of EU aid was for ‘government and civil society’ in 2014?

A

17.52%

36
Q

What % of EU aid was for ‘humnaitarian aid’ in 2014?

A

17.63%

37
Q

What 2 forms can development aid be given in?

A

Bilaterally
Multilaterally

38
Q

What does bilateral aid allow?

A

Allows a country to pursue its own agenda

39
Q

What is multilateral aid?

A

Given through the UN, World Bank and other NGOs but these are heavily influenced by powerful countries

40
Q

What is Official Development Assisstance?

A

A term used by the OECD to measure aid. It is widely used as an indicator of flows of international aid

41
Q

What is the UK’s target for bilateral aid? What does this equate to in £?

A

0.7% of gross national income
Equates to £11.2 billion in 2013

42
Q

How much did the UK donate to Somalia in 2012? Why was this seen as controversial?

A

£86.8 million
Aiding the world’s highest ranked country for corruption

43
Q

How much British aid was given to Afghanistan? Where were Afghanistan ranked for corruption in the world?

A

£200 million
Ranked 3rd

44
Q

Which country was ranked the highest for receiving development aid in 2013? How much was this?

A

Afghanistan
$5.05 billion

45
Q

How much development aid did Myanmar receieve in 2013?

A

$3417 million

46
Q

Why is development aid seen as cotroversial?

A
  • Much aid goes to highly corrupt nations - doesn’t actually go where it’s supposed to
  • Much aid is in the form of loans which attracts intrest - all too easy to enter a spiral of debt
  • It is a matter of friendship
47
Q

Why is development aid seen as acceptable?

A
  • The idea of technical assistance throught the transfer of expertise/skills/technology is seen as more acceptable than bottom up development
    -Belief in philanthropy
48
Q

What are trade embargos?

A

Foreign policies or laws that ban exports to and imports from a country in protest against actions by that country

49
Q

What trade embargo was placed on Iran? Why?

A

Concerns over enriched unranium being exported
Lifted in 2016

50
Q

What trade embargo was successful in Africa? What years was this between?

A

South Africa during the apartheid years
Ban on selling goods like weapons and petroleum
1948-1994

51
Q

Which IGO condemned the trade embargo between the USA and Cuba?

A

UN

52
Q

How much did the trade embargo witht the USA cost Cuba per year?

A

$685 million

53
Q

How much did the trade embargo with Cuba cost the USA per year?

A

$1.2 billion

54
Q

Who lifted the trade embargo between the USA and Cuba?

A

President Obama

55
Q

What are the advantages of trade emabrgoes?

A

Severe economic implications can be enough to bring about a regime change/change in attitudes

56
Q

What are the disadvatages of trade embargoes?

A
  • Less money generated for the country. Civilians might lose out further
  • Ususally leads to a diplomatic fall out
  • Can also do it to protect domestic production, therefore rich countries get richer and the poor get poorer
57
Q

What did Edmund Burke say about military action?

A

‘The only thing necessary for the triumph of evil is for good men to do nothing’

58
Q

How many Kurd deaths was Saddam Hussain responsible for in the genocide of the Kurdish population in norther Iraq?

A

180 000

59
Q

What % of teenage girls are literate in Afghanistan?

A

37%

60
Q

What % of women are literate in Afghanistan?

A

19%

61
Q

How many students were enrolled in school under the Taliban? How many were girls?

A

1.2 million
50 000 were girls

62
Q

How many children attended school in 2013 after the Taliban were removed?

A

10.5 million

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