Head & Neck

Question 1

Poor prognostic factors in papillary thyroid cancer

Answer 1

1) Old (age over 55)
2) gross soft tissue invasion (extrathyroidal) of the tumor into the airway, nerves, or major vessels of the neck
3) extensive microscopic vascular invasion
4) inappropriately elevated serum thyroglobulin after initial therapy

Question 2

Histologic subtypes of papillary thyroid cancer with worse prognosis

Answer 2

tall cell, insular, and hobnail variants