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CR2 > Haem/CVS Microanatomy > Flashcards

Haem/CVS Microanatomy Flashcards

1
Q

When conducting a blood test, which substance is elevated if you have infarct / damage to myocytes? [1]

A

Troponin

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2
Q

How does fat building up in intima cause complicated atheromas?

A

If fat / atheroma builds up in intima –> causes blood to create microtrauma on the endothelium –> causes clots on the endothelium –> complicated atheromas

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3
Q

What are the 3 layers of cardiac tissue called? [3]

A

Endocardium (endothelial layer)
Myocardium (muscle)
Epicarcium (Connective tissue and single layer of cells)

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4
Q

Label A-C

A

A: endocardium
B: myocardium
C: epicardium

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5
Q

Identify the blood vessel

arteriole
venule
large vein
medium artery
medium vein
A

Identify the blood vessel

arteriole
venule
large vein
medium artery
**medium vein**
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6
Q

what makes cardiac and skeletal muscle striated? [1]

A

cardiac and skeletal muscle are arranged in myofibrils

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7
Q

what type of muscle cell is this?

cardiac
smooth
skeletal

A

what type of muscle cell is this?

cardiac
smooth
skeletal

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8
Q

what type of cell junctions do u find in intercalated disc? [3]

A

fascia adherens
desmosomes
gap junctions

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9
Q

label A-C

what is PM?

A

A: epicardium
B: myocardium
C: endocardium

PM:
papillary muscles

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10
Q

which part of the heart is this?

epicardium
myocardium
endocardium

A

which part of the heart is this?

epicardium
myocardium
​**endocardium: has a surface layer of flattened endothelial cells.

(p = purkinje fibres)**

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11
Q

where are the purkinje fibres located in the heart? [1]

A

immediately under the endocardium, before penetrating the myocardium

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12
Q

what is A? [1]

A

purkinje fibres

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13
Q

how do purkinje fibres connect other purkinje fibre cells? [1]

A

no T tubule or intercalated discs! - instead have desmosomes & gap junctions

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14
Q

what do you find eitherside of the tunica media in muscular arteries? [2]

A

internal elastic lamina
tunica media
external elastic lamina

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15
Q

label A-C

A

A: tunica adventitia
B: tunica media
C: endothelial cell

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16
Q

blood flow within the capillary bed is controlled by WHAT? [1]

A

blood flow within the capillary bed is controlled by arterioles [1] and precapillary sphincters

17
Q

Label A-C [3]

A

Heart valves:

A: Fibrosa
B: Spongiosum
C: Ventricularis

18
Q

Why is splachnic system low pressure? [1]

A

Splachnic system: liver [0.5]

Where exchange of metabolites (drugs etc) occurs [0.5] so absorbtion can occur

19
Q

How do you distinguish between vein and artery with regards to elastic lamina? [1]

A

Arteries: internal and external elastic lamina – fine black lines in the wall

Vein: one layer on elastic lamina - internal

20
Q

Name three places that you find specialised vascular structures [3]

A

1. Glomerulus
2. Placenta
3. Arachnoid granulations

21
Q

Label A-C [3]

A

A: medium sized veins
B: Medium sized artery
C: small vein

22
Q

Which of the following is C

Internal elastic lamina
Endothelium
Myocardium
External elastic lamina
Epicardium
Intima

A

Which of the following is C

Internal elastic lamina
Endothelium
Myocardium
External elastic lamina
Epicardium
Intima

23
Q

Which of the following is E

Internal elastic lamina
Endothelium
Media
External elastic lamina
Adventitia
Intima

A

Which of the following is E

Internal elastic lamina
Endothelium
Media
External elastic lamina
Adventitia
Intima

24
Q

Which of the following is A

Internal elastic lamina
Endothelium
Media
External elastic lamina
Adventitia
Intima

A

Which of the following is A

Internal elastic lamina
Endothelium
Media
External elastic lamina
Adventitia
Intima

25
Q

Which of the following is B

Internal elastic lamina
Endothelium
Media
External elastic lamina
Adventitia
Intima

A

Which of the following is A

Internal elastic lamina
Endothelium
Media
External elastic lamina
Adventitia
Intima

26
Q

Which of the following is D

Internal elastic lamina
Endothelium
Media
External elastic lamina
Adventitia
Intima

A

Which of the following is D

Internal elastic lamina
Endothelium
Media
External elastic lamina
Adventitia
Intima

27
Q

Which of the following is F

Internal elastic lamina
Endothelium
Media
External elastic lamina
Adventitia
Intima

A

Which of the following is F

Internal elastic lamina
Endothelium
Media
External elastic lamina
Adventitia
Intima

28
Q

Name 5 reasons may have CVS pathology

A

Inflammation
Heart – myocarditis – inflammation of myocardium (viral – lymphocytic, rheumatoid – streptococcal infection, shows aschoff nodules),
Vessels – vasculitis – variety of causes but you see either acute necrotizing inflammation (leukocytoclastic vasculitis) or granulomatous inflammation (temporal arteritis, churg strauss syndrome) etc.) or endothelial swelling and lymphocytes/neutrophils in the vessel wall.

Infection
Viral – myocarditis
Bacterial – Endocarditis – inflammation of cardiac valves vasculitis etc.

Autoimmune: Myocarditis, vasculitis

Congenital: Structural disorders of heart or vessel structure

Multifactorial: Atherosclerosis and myocardial ischaemia/infarction.

29
Q
A

Fibrolipid plaque. They contain lots of macrophages which have ingested lipids and have a fatty lipid core (foam cells). They can often rupture leading to lipid spilling out into the fibrolipid plaque core.

30
Q

What are the 3 main constituents of an atheromatous plaque? [3]

A
  1. Lipids (intracellular & extracellular)
  2. Connective tissue - collagen & fibrin
  3. Cells - macrophages & smooth muscle
31
Q

This is a cross section through an aorta. Note the complicated atheromatous plaque on the left side of the image. Please label the picture (a) to (c).

A

A = thickened arterial wall.
B = intraluminal haemorrhage.
C = ulceration.

32
Q

This is a magnification of a fibrolipid plaque. Note the lumen in the top left corner. Label the picture A-C. Note A is part of the normal arterial wall.

A

A = adventitia. B = lipid core. C = fibrous cap.

CR2 (59 decks)

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