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CR2 > EH drugs > Flashcards

EH drugs Flashcards

1
Q

Which of the following prevents the conversion of arachidonic acid to thromboxane A2

Heparin
Warfarin
Aspirin
Dabigatran
Edoxaban

A

Which of the following prevents the conversion of arachidonic acid to thromboxane A2

Heparin
Warfarin
Aspirin
Dabigatran
Edoxaban

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2
Q

Explain the mechanism of action of aspirin [3]

A

Non-selective for COX-1 and COX 2 enzymes (prevent aggregation)

COX 2 inhibition prevents arachidonic acid conversion to Thromboxane A2

Thus preventing Thromboxane A2 formation, preventing platelet aggregation.

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3
Q

Which of the following can cause thrombocytopenia

Heparin
Warfarin
Aspirin
Dabigatran
Dipyridamole

A

Which of the following can cause thrombocytopenia

Heparin
Warfarin
Aspirin
Dabigatran
Dipyridamole

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4
Q

Which of the following should not be used in pregnancy

Heparin
Warfarin
Aspirin
Dabigatran
Dipyridamole

A

Which of the following should not be used in pregnancy

Heparin
Warfarin: teratogenic
Aspirin
Dabigatran
Dipyridamole

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5
Q

Name a drug that is a synthetic Factor Xa inhbitor [1]

A

Fondaprinux

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6
Q

Which of the following is a non-specific phosphodiesterase inhibitor

Heparin
Warfarin
Aspirin
Dabigatran
Dipyridamole

A

Which of the following is a non-specific phosphodiesterase inhibitor

Dipyridamole

Inhibits both adenosine deaminase and phosphodiesterase, preventing the degradation of cAMP, an inhibitor of platelet function

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7
Q

Name four DOACs [4]

A

Dabigatran
Rivaroxaban
Apixaban
Edoxaban

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8
Q

Describe MoA of the DOACs:

Rivaroxaban
Apixaban
Edoxaban

A

Direct factor Xa inhibitor (more modern version of heparin)

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9
Q

Explain mechanism of action of Dabigatran [1]

A

Direct thrombin inhibitor

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10
Q

Which of the following is not a direct factor Xa inhibitor

Rivaroxaban
Apixaban
Edoxaban
Dabigatran

A

Which of the following is not a direct factor Xa inhibitor

Rivaroxaban
Apixaban
Edoxaban
Dabigatran: direct thrombin inhibitor

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11
Q

Name two thrombolytic drugs [2]

A

Streptokinase
Alteplase (tPA)

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12
Q

Describe the MoA of: [2]

Streptokinase
Alteplase (tPA)

A

Streptokinase: Clot buster; Activates fibrinolytic pathway

Alteplase (tPA): Increase clot; breakdown by increasing Plasmin formation

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13
Q

Which of the following inhibits L type calcium channel [2]

Amlodipine
Nicorandil
Diatelzem
Lisinopril
Verapamil

A

Which of the following inhibits L type calcium channel

Amlodipine
Nicorandil
Diatelzem
Lisinopril
Verapamil

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14
Q

Which of the following drug is for voltage gated calcium channels in myocardium to reduce HR and O2 demand?

Amlodipine
Nicorandil
Diatelzem
Lisinopril
Verapamil

A

Which of the following drug is for voltage gated calcium channels in myocardium to reduce HR and O2 demand?

Amlodipine
Nicorandil
Diatelzem
Lisinopril
Verapamil - CCB

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15
Q

Which of the following is a CCB that acts on both myocardium and vessels for dual effect?

Amlodipine
Nicorandil
Diatelzem
Lisinopril
Verapamil

A

Which of the following is a CCB that acts on both myocardium and vessels for dual effect?

Amlodipine
Nicorandil
Diatelzem
Lisinopril
Verapamil

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16
Q

Which of the following is a vasodilator that opens potassium channels which hyperpolarises the cell and prevents opening of voltage gated calcium channels and causes release of NO?

Amlodipine
Nicorandil
Diatelzem
Lisinopril
Verapamil

A

Which of the following is a vasodilator that opens potassium channels which hyperpolarises the cell and prevents opening of voltage gated calcium channels and causes release of NO?

Amlodipine
Nicorandil
Diatelzem
Lisinopril
Verapamil

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17
Q

Which of the following that particularly reduces peripheral vascular resistance / lowers peripheral BP?

Amlodipine
Nicorandil
Diatelzem
Lisinopril
Verapamil

A

Which of the following that particularly reduces peripheral vascular resistance / lowers peripheral BP?

Amlodipine

Bind to L-Type calcium channel

Peripheral arterial vasodilator

Reduce peripheral vascular resistance – lower BP

Calcium channel antagonist (smooth + cardiac muscle)

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18
Q

Which of the following reduce heart rates by prolonging refractory period of AVN?

Amlodipine
Nicorandil
Diatelzem
Lisinopril
Verapamil

A

Verapamil - CCB

Inhibit L-Type calcium channel

Reduce contractility and peripheral resistance

Reduce heart rate by prolonging refractory period of AVN.

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19
Q

Which of the following can cause severe hypotension as an AE?

Amlodipine
Nicorandil
Diatelzem
Lisinopril
Verapamil

A

Which of the following can cause severe hypotension as an AE?

Amlodipine
Nicorandil
Diatelzem
Lisinopril
Verapamil

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20
Q

Name a statin [1]

A

Rosuvostatin

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21
Q

State the MoA of Rosuvostatin [3]

A

Competitive inhibitor of HMG-CoA Reductase

Reduction of the mevalonate pathway

Inhibit cholesterol synthesis
Inhibit LDL uptake, VLDL synthesis.

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22
Q

What is an AE of statin use like Rosuvostatin? [1]

A

rhabdomyolysis

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23
Q

Name three ACE-inhibitors [3]

A

Ramipril
Lisinopril
Captopril

24
Q

Explain MoA of Ramipril [3]

A

Converted to ramiprilat
Inhibits ACE, stop ACE-1 –> ACE-II conversion

Reduce sodium and H2O reabsorption

Reduces peripheral vascular resistance.

25
Q

State an a common side effect of ACE-Inhibitor [1]

A

ACE breaks down bradykinin: causes Dry COUGH

26
Q

Explain effect of ACE-Inhibitor like Ramipril on K levels [1]

A

Hyperkalaemia (Less Angiotensin II, NO aldosterone, less K secreted, less Na reabsorbed)

27
Q

Name two ARBs

A

Valsartan
Losartan

28
Q

Which of the following would you prescribe if a patient has ACE-I intolerance?

Losartan
Captopril
lisinopril
Digoxin
Ivabradine

A

Which of the following would you prescribe if a patient has ACE-I intolerance?

Losartan - ARB
Captopril
lisinopril
Digoxin
Ivabradine

29
Q

Which of the following is an inotrope?

Losartan
Captopril
lisinopril
Digoxin
Ivabradine

A

Which of the following is an inotrope?

Losartan
Captopril
lisinopril
Digoxin increases the force of myocardial contraction and reduces conductivity within the atrioventricular (AV) node.
Ivabradine

30
Q

Describe the MoA of Digoxin [2]

A

increases the force of myocardial contraction and reduces conductivity within the atrioventricular (AV) node

Stimulate Vagus Nerve, reduce circulating noradrenaline = lower heart rate

31
Q

Name a common AE of digoxin

A

Gynaecomastia

32
Q

Which of the following has a risk of gynaecomastia?

Losartan
Captopril
lisinopril
Digoxin
Ivabradine

A

Which of the following has a risk of gynaecomastia?

Losartan
Captopril
lisinopril
Digoxin
Ivabradine

33
Q

Name the diuretic that works by blocking epithelial sodium channels in in the late DCT, collecting tubules and collecting ducts

Amiloride
Spironolactone
Atenolol
Propranolol
Carvedilol

A

Name the diuretic that works by blocking epithelial sodium channels in in the late DCT, collecting tubules and collecting ducts

Amiloride
Spironolactone
Atenolol
Propranolol
Carvedilol

34
Q

Describe the difference between Propranolol & atenolol [2]

A

Both decrease HR and RAAS.

Propranolol is non-selective
Atenolol is β1 selective

35
Q

Which of the following is an α2-agonist that causes a decrease in CO and vascular
tone

Clonidine
Propranolol
Atenolol
Prazosin
Doxazosin

A

Which of the following is an α2-agonist that causes a decrease in CO and vascular
tone

Clonidine
Propranolol
Atenolol
Prazosin
Doxazosin

36
Q

Which of the following is an α2-agonist that causes a decrease in CO and vascular
tone

Clonidine
Propranolol
Atenolol
Prazosin
Doxazosin

A

Which of the following is an α2-agonist that causes a decrease in CO and vascular
tone

Clonidine
Propranolol
Atenolol
Prazosin
Doxazosin

37
Q

Which of the following blocks α1 in vascular smooth muscle causing it to vasodilate [2]

Clonidine
Propranolol
Atenolol
Prazosin
Doxazosin

A

Which of the following blocks α1 in vascular smooth muscle causing it to vasodilate

Clonidine
Propranolol
Atenolol
Prazosin
Doxazosin

38
Q

Name a drug that Inhibits collagen synthesis, down-regulates profibrotic cytokines and decreases fibroblast proliferation? [1]

A

Pirfenidone: used to treat IPF

39
Q

Name a drug that may given for patients contraindicated for beta blocker use [1]

Explain MoA [2]

A

Ivabradine

Hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-gated (HCN) channel blockers

Slows heart rate

40
Q

What is the first line treatment for Asthma?

Salbutamol
Salmeterol
Beclomethasone (Becotide)
Montelukast
Prednisolone

A

What is the first line treatment for Asthma?

Salbutamol
Salmeterol
Beclomethasone (Becotide)
Montelukast
Ipratropium

41
Q

Name 4 AEs of salbutamol [5]

A

trembling, particularly in the hands
nervous tension
headaches
suddenly noticeable heartbeats (palpitations)
muscle cramps

42
Q

Which of the following is a Long-Acting Beta-2 Agonist (LABA)

Salbutamol
Salmeterol
Beclomethasone (Becotide)
Montelukast
Prednisolone

A

Which of the following is a Long-Acting Beta-2 Agonist (LABA)

Salbutamol
Salmeterol
Beclomethasone (Becotide)
Montelukast
Ipratropiuma

43
Q

Which of the following is a maintenance therapy and combined with glucocorticoid for asthma treatment?

Salbutamol
Salmeterol
Beclomethasone (Becotide)
Montelukast
Prednisolone

A

Which of the following is a maintenance therapy and combined with glucocorticoid for asthma treatment?

Salbutamol
Salmeterol
Beclomethasone (Becotide)
Montelukast
Ipratropiuma

44
Q

Which of the following is a maintenance therapy and combined with glucocorticoid for asthma treatment?

Salbutamol
Salmeterol
Beclomethasone (Becotide)
Montelukast
Prednisolone

A

Which of the following is a maintenance therapy and combined with glucocorticoid for asthma treatment?

Salbutamol
Salmeterol
Beclomethasone (Becotide)
Montelukast
Prednisolone

45
Q

Which of the following is a corticosteroid used to treat asthma and acts more globally

Salbutamol
Salmeterol
Beclomethasone (Becotide)
Montelukast
Prednisolone

A

Which of the following is a corticosteroid used to treat asthma and acts more globally

Salbutamol
Salmeterol
Beclomethasone (Becotide)
Montelukast
Prednisolone

46
Q

Which of the following is a corticosteroid used to treat asthma and acts more locally

Salbutamol
Salmeterol
Beclomethasone (Becotide)
Montelukast
Prednisolone

A

Which of the following is a corticosteroid used to treat asthma and acts more locally

Salbutamol
Salmeterol
Beclomethasone (Becotide)
Montelukast
Prednisolone

47
Q

Which of the following is associated with Cushings disease if long term use occurs

Salbutamol
Salmeterol
Beclomethasone (Becotide)
Montelukast
Prednisolone

A

Which of the following is associated with Cushings disease if long term use occurs

Salbutamol
Salmeterol
Beclomethasone (Becotide)
Montelukast
Prednisolone

48
Q

Which of the following treatment for asthma can be associated with oral thrush?

Salbutamol
Salmeterol
Beclomethasone (Becotide)
Montelukast
Prednisolone

A

Which of the following treatment for asthma can be associated with oral thrush?

Salbutamol
Salmeterol
Beclomethasone (Becotide)
Montelukast
Prednisolone

49
Q

Which of the following is a leukotriene antagonist to treat asthma?

Salbutamol
Salmeterol
Beclomethasone (Becotide)
Montelukast
Prednisolone

A

Which of the following is a leukotriene antagonist to treat asthma?

Salbutamol
Salmeterol
Beclomethasone (Becotide)
Montelukast
Prednisolone

50
Q

What are the 4 drugs used to treat TB? [4]

A

What are the 4 drugs used to treat TB? [4]

Rifampicin
Isoniazid
Pyrazinamide
Ethambutol

51
Q

Which of the following treats TB by blocking mycolic acid synthesis required for mycobacterial cell wall synthesis?

Rifampicin
Isoniazid
Pyrazinamide
Ethambutol

A

Which of the following treats TB by blocking mycolic acid synthesis required for mycobacterial cell wall synthesis?

Rifampicin
Isoniazid
Pyrazinamide
Ethambutol

52
Q

Which of the following is a prodrug which is converted to pyrazinoic acid and disrupts the membrane potential in TB causing death?

Rifampicin
Isoniazid
Pyrazinamide
Ethambutol

A

Which of the following is a prodrug which is converted to pyrazinoic acid and disrupts the membrane potential in TB causing death?

Rifampicin
Isoniazid
Pyrazinamide
Ethambutol

53
Q

Which of the following blocks mycolic acid synthesis?

Rifampicin
Isoniazid
Pyrazinamide
Ethambutol

A

Which of the following blocks mycolic acid synthesis?

Rifampicin
Isoniazid
Pyrazinamide
Ethambutol

54
Q

Which of the following blocks bacterial RNA polymerase to treat TB?

Rifampicin
Isoniazid
Pyrazinamide
Ethambutol

A

Which of the following blocks bacterial RNA polymerase to treat TB?

Rifampicin
Isoniazid
Pyrazinamide
Ethambutol

55
Q

Alongside prescribing oxygen, which other drug would you give someone with acute heart failure?

diuretic
ACE-I/ARB
beta-blocker
aldosterone inhibitor

A

Alongside prescribing oxygen, which other drug would you give someone with acute heart failure?

diuretic
ACE-I/ARB
beta-blocker
aldosterone inhibitor

CR2 (59 decks)

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