EH drugs Flashcards by patrick ellis

Which of the following prevents the conversion of arachidonic acid to thromboxane A2

Heparin
Warfarin
Aspirin
Dabigatran
Edoxaban

Which of the following prevents the conversion of arachidonic acid to thromboxane A2

Heparin
Warfarin
Aspirin
Dabigatran
Edoxaban

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Explain the mechanism of action of aspirin [3]

Non-selective for COX-1 and COX 2 enzymes (prevent aggregation)

COX 2 inhibition prevents arachidonic acid conversion to Thromboxane A2

Thus preventing Thromboxane A2 formation, preventing platelet aggregation.

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Which of the following can cause thrombocytopenia

Heparin
Warfarin
Aspirin
Dabigatran
Dipyridamole

Which of the following can cause thrombocytopenia

Heparin
Warfarin
Aspirin
Dabigatran
Dipyridamole

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Which of the following should not be used in pregnancy

Heparin
Warfarin
Aspirin
Dabigatran
Dipyridamole

Which of the following should not be used in pregnancy

Heparin
Warfarin: teratogenic
Aspirin
Dabigatran
Dipyridamole

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Name a drug that is a synthetic Factor Xa inhbitor [1]

Fondaprinux

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Which of the following is a non-specific phosphodiesterase inhibitor

Heparin
Warfarin
Aspirin
Dabigatran
Dipyridamole

Which of the following is a non-specific phosphodiesterase inhibitor

Dipyridamole

Inhibits both adenosine deaminase and phosphodiesterase, preventing the degradation of cAMP, an inhibitor of platelet function

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Name four DOACs [4]

Dabigatran
Rivaroxaban
Apixaban
Edoxaban

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Describe MoA of the DOACs:

Rivaroxaban
Apixaban
Edoxaban

Direct factor Xa inhibitor (more modern version of heparin)

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Explain mechanism of action of Dabigatran [1]

Direct thrombin inhibitor

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Which of the following is not a direct factor Xa inhibitor

Rivaroxaban
Apixaban
Edoxaban
Dabigatran

Which of the following is not a direct factor Xa inhibitor

Rivaroxaban
Apixaban
Edoxaban
Dabigatran: direct thrombin inhibitor

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Name two thrombolytic drugs [2]

Streptokinase
Alteplase (tPA)

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Describe the MoA of: [2]

Streptokinase
Alteplase (tPA)

Streptokinase: Clot buster; Activates fibrinolytic pathway

Alteplase (tPA): Increase clot; breakdown by increasing Plasmin formation

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Which of the following inhibits L type calcium channel [2]

Amlodipine
Nicorandil
Diatelzem
Lisinopril
Verapamil

Which of the following inhibits L type calcium channel

Amlodipine
Nicorandil
Diatelzem
Lisinopril
Verapamil

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Which of the following drug is for voltage gated calcium channels in myocardium to reduce HR and O2 demand?

Amlodipine
Nicorandil
Diatelzem
Lisinopril
Verapamil

Which of the following drug is for voltage gated calcium channels in myocardium to reduce HR and O2 demand?

Amlodipine
Nicorandil
Diatelzem
Lisinopril
Verapamil - CCB

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Which of the following is a CCB that acts on both myocardium and vessels for dual effect?

Amlodipine
Nicorandil
Diatelzem
Lisinopril
Verapamil

Which of the following is a CCB that acts on both myocardium and vessels for dual effect?

Amlodipine
Nicorandil
Diatelzem
Lisinopril
Verapamil

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Which of the following is a vasodilator that opens potassium channels which hyperpolarises the cell and prevents opening of voltage gated calcium channels and causes release of NO?

Amlodipine
Nicorandil
Diatelzem
Lisinopril
Verapamil

Which of the following is a vasodilator that opens potassium channels which hyperpolarises the cell and prevents opening of voltage gated calcium channels and causes release of NO?

Amlodipine
Nicorandil
Diatelzem
Lisinopril
Verapamil

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Which of the following that particularly reduces peripheral vascular resistance / lowers peripheral BP?

Amlodipine
Nicorandil
Diatelzem
Lisinopril
Verapamil

Which of the following that particularly reduces peripheral vascular resistance / lowers peripheral BP?

Amlodipine

Bind to L-Type calcium channel

Peripheral arterial vasodilator

Reduce peripheral vascular resistance – lower BP

Calcium channel antagonist (smooth + cardiac muscle)

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Which of the following reduce heart rates by prolonging refractory period of AVN?

Amlodipine
Nicorandil
Diatelzem
Lisinopril
Verapamil

Verapamil - CCB

Inhibit L-Type calcium channel

Reduce contractility and peripheral resistance

Reduce heart rate by prolonging refractory period of AVN.

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Which of the following can cause severe hypotension as an AE?

Amlodipine
Nicorandil
Diatelzem
Lisinopril
Verapamil

Which of the following can cause severe hypotension as an AE?

Amlodipine
Nicorandil
Diatelzem
Lisinopril
Verapamil

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Name a statin [1]

Rosuvostatin

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

State the MoA of Rosuvostatin [3]

Competitive inhibitor of HMG-CoA Reductase

Reduction of the mevalonate pathway

Inhibit cholesterol synthesis
Inhibit LDL uptake, VLDL synthesis.

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What is an AE of statin use like Rosuvostatin? [1]

rhabdomyolysis

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Name three ACE-inhibitors [3]

Ramipril
Lisinopril
Captopril

Explain MoA of Ramipril [3]

Converted to ramiprilat
Inhibits ACE, stop ACE-1 –> ACE-II conversion

Reduce sodium and H2O reabsorption

Reduces peripheral vascular resistance.

State an a common side effect of ACE-Inhibitor [1]

ACE breaks down **bradykinin**: causes **Dry COUGH**

Explain effect of ACE-Inhibitor like Ramipril on K levels [1]

**Hyperkalaemia** (Less Angiotensin II, NO aldosterone, less K secreted, less Na reabsorbed)

Name two ARBs

Valsartan Losartan

Which of the following would you prescribe if a patient has ACE-I intolerance? Losartan Captopril lisinopril Digoxin Ivabradine

Which of the following would you prescribe if a patient has ACE-I intolerance? **Losartan** - ARB Captopril lisinopril Digoxin Ivabradine

Which of the following is an inotrope? Losartan Captopril lisinopril Digoxin Ivabradine

Which of the following is an inotrope? Losartan Captopril lisinopril **Digoxin** increases the force of **myocardial contraction** and **reduces conductivity within the atrioventricular (AV) node.** Ivabradine

Describe the MoA of Digoxin [2]

increases the **force of myocardial contraction** and **reduces conductivity** within the **atrioventricular (AV) node** **Stimulate Vagus Nerve**, **reduce** **circulating** **noradrenaline** = lower heart rate

Name a common AE of digoxin

Gynaecomastia

Which of the following has a risk of gynaecomastia? Losartan Captopril lisinopril Digoxin Ivabradine

Which of the following has a risk of gynaecomastia? Losartan Captopril lisinopril **Digoxin** Ivabradine

Name the diuretic that works by blocking epithelial sodium channels in in the late DCT, collecting tubules and collecting ducts Amiloride Spironolactone Atenolol Propranolol Carvedilol

Name the diuretic that works by blocking epithelial sodium channels in in the late DCT, collecting tubules and collecting ducts **Amiloride** Spironolactone Atenolol Propranolol Carvedilol

Describe the difference between Propranolol & atenolol [2]

Both decrease HR and RAAS. Propranolol is **non-selective** Atenolol is **β1 selective**

Which of the following is an α2-agonist that causes a decrease in CO and vascular tone Clonidine Propranolol Atenolol Prazosin Doxazosin

Which of the following is an α2-agonist that causes a decrease in CO and vascular tone **Clonidine** Propranolol Atenolol Prazosin Doxazosin

Which of the following is an α2-agonist that causes a decrease in CO and vascular tone Clonidine Propranolol Atenolol Prazosin Doxazosin

Which of the following is an α2-agonist that causes a decrease in CO and vascular tone **Clonidine** Propranolol Atenolol Prazosin Doxazosin

Which of the following blocks α1 in vascular smooth muscle causing it to vasodilate [2] Clonidine Propranolol Atenolol Prazosin Doxazosin

Which of the following blocks α1 in vascular smooth muscle causing it to vasodilate Clonidine Propranolol Atenolol **Prazosin** **Doxazosin**

Name a drug that Inhibits collagen synthesis, down-regulates profibrotic cytokines and decreases fibroblast proliferation? [1]

**Pirfenidone**: used to treat IPF

Name a drug that may given for patients contraindicated for beta blocker use [1] Explain MoA [2]

**Ivabradine** Hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-gated (**HCN**) **channel blockers** **Slows heart rate**

What is the first line treatment for Asthma? Salbutamol Salmeterol Beclomethasone (Becotide) Montelukast Prednisolone

What is the first line treatment for Asthma? **Salbutamol** Salmeterol Beclomethasone (Becotide) Montelukast Ipratropium

Name 4 AEs of salbutamol [5]

**trembling, particularly in the hands** nervous tension headaches suddenly noticeable heartbeats (palpitations) muscle cramps

Which of the following is a Long-Acting Beta-2 Agonist (LABA) Salbutamol Salmeterol Beclomethasone (Becotide) Montelukast Prednisolone

Which of the following is a Long-Acting Beta-2 Agonist (LABA) Salbutamol **Salmeterol** Beclomethasone (Becotide) Montelukast Ipratropiuma

Which of the following is a maintenance therapy and combined with glucocorticoid for asthma treatment? Salbutamol Salmeterol Beclomethasone (Becotide) Montelukast Prednisolone

Which of the following is a maintenance therapy and combined with glucocorticoid for asthma treatment? Salbutamol **Salmeterol** Beclomethasone (Becotide) Montelukast Ipratropiuma

Which of the following is a maintenance therapy and combined with glucocorticoid for asthma treatment? Salbutamol Salmeterol Beclomethasone (Becotide) Montelukast Prednisolone

Which of the following is a maintenance therapy and combined with glucocorticoid for asthma treatment? Salbutamol **Salmeterol** Beclomethasone (Becotide) Montelukast Prednisolone

Which of the following is a corticosteroid used to treat asthma and acts more globally Salbutamol Salmeterol Beclomethasone (Becotide) Montelukast Prednisolone

Which of the following is a corticosteroid used to treat asthma and acts more globally Salbutamol Salmeterol Beclomethasone (Becotide) Montelukast **Prednisolone**

Which of the following is a corticosteroid used to treat asthma and acts more locally Salbutamol Salmeterol Beclomethasone (Becotide) Montelukast Prednisolone

Which of the following is a corticosteroid used to treat asthma and acts more locally Salbutamol Salmeterol **Beclomethasone (Becotide)** Montelukast Prednisolone

Which of the following is associated with Cushings disease if long term use occurs Salbutamol Salmeterol Beclomethasone (Becotide) Montelukast Prednisolone

Which of the following is associated with Cushings disease if long term use occurs Salbutamol Salmeterol Beclomethasone (Becotide) Montelukast **Prednisolone**

Which of the following treatment for asthma can be associated with oral thrush? Salbutamol Salmeterol Beclomethasone (Becotide) Montelukast Prednisolone

Which of the following treatment for asthma can be associated with oral thrush? Salbutamol Salmeterol **Beclomethasone (Becotide)** Montelukast Prednisolone

Which of the following is a leukotriene antagonist to treat asthma? Salbutamol Salmeterol Beclomethasone (Becotide) Montelukast Prednisolone

Which of the following is a leukotriene antagonist to treat asthma? Salbutamol Salmeterol Beclomethasone (Becotide) **Montelukast** Prednisolone

What are the 4 drugs used to treat TB? [4]

What are the 4 drugs used to treat TB? [4] Rifampicin Isoniazid Pyrazinamide Ethambutol

Which of the following treats TB by blocking mycolic acid synthesis required for mycobacterial cell wall synthesis? Rifampicin Isoniazid Pyrazinamide Ethambutol

Which of the following treats TB by blocking mycolic acid synthesis required for mycobacterial cell wall synthesis? Rifampicin **Isoniazid** Pyrazinamide Ethambutol

Which of the following is a prodrug which is converted to pyrazinoic acid and disrupts the membrane potential in TB causing death? Rifampicin Isoniazid Pyrazinamide Ethambutol

Which of the following is a prodrug which is converted to pyrazinoic acid and disrupts the membrane potential in TB causing death? Rifampicin Isoniazid **Pyrazinamide** Ethambutol

Which of the following blocks mycolic acid synthesis? Rifampicin Isoniazid Pyrazinamide Ethambutol

Which of the following blocks mycolic acid synthesis? Rifampicin Isoniazid Pyrazinamide **Ethambutol**

Which of the following blocks bacterial RNA polymerase to treat TB? Rifampicin Isoniazid Pyrazinamide Ethambutol

Which of the following blocks bacterial RNA polymerase to treat TB? **Rifampicin** Isoniazid Pyrazinamide Ethambutol

Alongside prescribing oxygen, which other drug would you give someone with acute heart failure? diuretic ACE-I/ARB beta-blocker aldosterone inhibitor

Alongside prescribing oxygen, which other drug would you give someone with acute heart failure? **diuretic** ACE-I/ARB beta-blocker aldosterone inhibitor