EH drugs Flashcards
Which of the following prevents the conversion of arachidonic acid to thromboxane A2
Heparin
Warfarin
Aspirin
Dabigatran
Edoxaban
Which of the following prevents the conversion of arachidonic acid to thromboxane A2
Heparin
Warfarin
Aspirin
Dabigatran
Edoxaban
Explain the mechanism of action of aspirin [3]
Non-selective for COX-1 and COX 2 enzymes (prevent aggregation)
COX 2 inhibition prevents arachidonic acid conversion to Thromboxane A2
Thus preventing Thromboxane A2 formation, preventing platelet aggregation.
Which of the following can cause thrombocytopenia
Heparin
Warfarin
Aspirin
Dabigatran
Dipyridamole
Which of the following can cause thrombocytopenia
Heparin
Warfarin
Aspirin
Dabigatran
Dipyridamole
Which of the following should not be used in pregnancy
Heparin
Warfarin
Aspirin
Dabigatran
Dipyridamole
Which of the following should not be used in pregnancy
Heparin
Warfarin: teratogenic
Aspirin
Dabigatran
Dipyridamole
Name a drug that is a synthetic Factor Xa inhbitor [1]
Fondaprinux
Which of the following is a non-specific phosphodiesterase inhibitor
Heparin
Warfarin
Aspirin
Dabigatran
Dipyridamole
Which of the following is a non-specific phosphodiesterase inhibitor
Dipyridamole
Inhibits both adenosine deaminase and phosphodiesterase, preventing the degradation of cAMP, an inhibitor of platelet function
Name four DOACs [4]
Dabigatran
Rivaroxaban
Apixaban
Edoxaban
Describe MoA of the DOACs:
Rivaroxaban
Apixaban
Edoxaban
Direct factor Xa inhibitor (more modern version of heparin)
Explain mechanism of action of Dabigatran [1]
Direct thrombin inhibitor
Which of the following is not a direct factor Xa inhibitor
Rivaroxaban
Apixaban
Edoxaban
Dabigatran
Which of the following is not a direct factor Xa inhibitor
Rivaroxaban
Apixaban
Edoxaban
Dabigatran: direct thrombin inhibitor
Name two thrombolytic drugs [2]
Streptokinase
Alteplase (tPA)
Describe the MoA of: [2]
Streptokinase
Alteplase (tPA)
Streptokinase: Clot buster; Activates fibrinolytic pathway
Alteplase (tPA): Increase clot; breakdown by increasing Plasmin formation
Which of the following inhibits L type calcium channel [2]
Amlodipine
Nicorandil
Diatelzem
Lisinopril
Verapamil
Which of the following inhibits L type calcium channel
Amlodipine
Nicorandil
Diatelzem
Lisinopril
Verapamil
Which of the following drug is for voltage gated calcium channels in myocardium to reduce HR and O2 demand?
Amlodipine
Nicorandil
Diatelzem
Lisinopril
Verapamil
Which of the following drug is for voltage gated calcium channels in myocardium to reduce HR and O2 demand?
Amlodipine
Nicorandil
Diatelzem
Lisinopril
Verapamil - CCB
Which of the following is a CCB that acts on both myocardium and vessels for dual effect?
Amlodipine
Nicorandil
Diatelzem
Lisinopril
Verapamil
Which of the following is a CCB that acts on both myocardium and vessels for dual effect?
Amlodipine
Nicorandil
Diatelzem
Lisinopril
Verapamil
Which of the following is a vasodilator that opens potassium channels which hyperpolarises the cell and prevents opening of voltage gated calcium channels and causes release of NO?
Amlodipine
Nicorandil
Diatelzem
Lisinopril
Verapamil
Which of the following is a vasodilator that opens potassium channels which hyperpolarises the cell and prevents opening of voltage gated calcium channels and causes release of NO?
Amlodipine
Nicorandil
Diatelzem
Lisinopril
Verapamil
Which of the following that particularly reduces peripheral vascular resistance / lowers peripheral BP?
Amlodipine
Nicorandil
Diatelzem
Lisinopril
Verapamil
Which of the following that particularly reduces peripheral vascular resistance / lowers peripheral BP?
Amlodipine
Bind to L-Type calcium channel
Peripheral arterial vasodilator
Reduce peripheral vascular resistance – lower BP
Calcium channel antagonist (smooth + cardiac muscle)
Which of the following reduce heart rates by prolonging refractory period of AVN?
Amlodipine
Nicorandil
Diatelzem
Lisinopril
Verapamil
Verapamil - CCB
Inhibit L-Type calcium channel
Reduce contractility and peripheral resistance
Reduce heart rate by prolonging refractory period of AVN.
Which of the following can cause severe hypotension as an AE?
Amlodipine
Nicorandil
Diatelzem
Lisinopril
Verapamil
Which of the following can cause severe hypotension as an AE?
Amlodipine
Nicorandil
Diatelzem
Lisinopril
Verapamil
Name a statin [1]
Rosuvostatin
State the MoA of Rosuvostatin [3]
Competitive inhibitor of HMG-CoA Reductase
Reduction of the mevalonate pathway
Inhibit cholesterol synthesis
Inhibit LDL uptake, VLDL synthesis.
What is an AE of statin use like Rosuvostatin? [1]
rhabdomyolysis
Name three ACE-inhibitors [3]
Ramipril
Lisinopril
Captopril
Explain MoA of Ramipril [3]
Converted to ramiprilat
Inhibits ACE, stop ACE-1 –> ACE-II conversion
Reduce sodium and H2O reabsorption
Reduces peripheral vascular resistance.
State an a common side effect of ACE-Inhibitor [1]
ACE breaks down bradykinin: causes Dry COUGH
Explain effect of ACE-Inhibitor like Ramipril on K levels [1]
Hyperkalaemia (Less Angiotensin II, NO aldosterone, less K secreted, less Na reabsorbed)
Name two ARBs
Valsartan
Losartan
Which of the following would you prescribe if a patient has ACE-I intolerance?
Losartan
Captopril
lisinopril
Digoxin
Ivabradine
Which of the following would you prescribe if a patient has ACE-I intolerance?
Losartan - ARB
Captopril
lisinopril
Digoxin
Ivabradine
Which of the following is an inotrope?
Losartan
Captopril
lisinopril
Digoxin
Ivabradine
Which of the following is an inotrope?
Losartan
Captopril
lisinopril
Digoxin increases the force of myocardial contraction and reduces conductivity within the atrioventricular (AV) node.
Ivabradine
Describe the MoA of Digoxin [2]
increases the force of myocardial contraction and reduces conductivity within the atrioventricular (AV) node
Stimulate Vagus Nerve, reduce circulating noradrenaline = lower heart rate
Name a common AE of digoxin
Gynaecomastia
Which of the following has a risk of gynaecomastia?
Losartan
Captopril
lisinopril
Digoxin
Ivabradine
Which of the following has a risk of gynaecomastia?
Losartan
Captopril
lisinopril
Digoxin
Ivabradine
Name the diuretic that works by blocking epithelial sodium channels in in the late DCT, collecting tubules and collecting ducts
Amiloride
Spironolactone
Atenolol
Propranolol
Carvedilol
Name the diuretic that works by blocking epithelial sodium channels in in the late DCT, collecting tubules and collecting ducts
Amiloride
Spironolactone
Atenolol
Propranolol
Carvedilol
Describe the difference between Propranolol & atenolol [2]
Both decrease HR and RAAS.
Propranolol is non-selective
Atenolol is β1 selective
Which of the following is an α2-agonist that causes a decrease in CO and vascular
tone
Clonidine
Propranolol
Atenolol
Prazosin
Doxazosin
Which of the following is an α2-agonist that causes a decrease in CO and vascular
tone
Clonidine
Propranolol
Atenolol
Prazosin
Doxazosin
Which of the following is an α2-agonist that causes a decrease in CO and vascular
tone
Clonidine
Propranolol
Atenolol
Prazosin
Doxazosin
Which of the following is an α2-agonist that causes a decrease in CO and vascular
tone
Clonidine
Propranolol
Atenolol
Prazosin
Doxazosin
Which of the following blocks α1 in vascular smooth muscle causing it to vasodilate [2]
Clonidine
Propranolol
Atenolol
Prazosin
Doxazosin
Which of the following blocks α1 in vascular smooth muscle causing it to vasodilate
Clonidine
Propranolol
Atenolol
Prazosin
Doxazosin
Name a drug that Inhibits collagen synthesis, down-regulates profibrotic cytokines and decreases fibroblast proliferation? [1]
Pirfenidone: used to treat IPF
Name a drug that may given for patients contraindicated for beta blocker use [1]
Explain MoA [2]
Ivabradine
Hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-gated (HCN) channel blockers
Slows heart rate
What is the first line treatment for Asthma?
Salbutamol
Salmeterol
Beclomethasone (Becotide)
Montelukast
Prednisolone
What is the first line treatment for Asthma?
Salbutamol
Salmeterol
Beclomethasone (Becotide)
Montelukast
Ipratropium
Name 4 AEs of salbutamol [5]
trembling, particularly in the hands
nervous tension
headaches
suddenly noticeable heartbeats (palpitations)
muscle cramps
Which of the following is a Long-Acting Beta-2 Agonist (LABA)
Salbutamol
Salmeterol
Beclomethasone (Becotide)
Montelukast
Prednisolone
Which of the following is a Long-Acting Beta-2 Agonist (LABA)
Salbutamol
Salmeterol
Beclomethasone (Becotide)
Montelukast
Ipratropiuma
Which of the following is a maintenance therapy and combined with glucocorticoid for asthma treatment?
Salbutamol
Salmeterol
Beclomethasone (Becotide)
Montelukast
Prednisolone
Which of the following is a maintenance therapy and combined with glucocorticoid for asthma treatment?
Salbutamol
Salmeterol
Beclomethasone (Becotide)
Montelukast
Ipratropiuma
Which of the following is a maintenance therapy and combined with glucocorticoid for asthma treatment?
Salbutamol
Salmeterol
Beclomethasone (Becotide)
Montelukast
Prednisolone
Which of the following is a maintenance therapy and combined with glucocorticoid for asthma treatment?
Salbutamol
Salmeterol
Beclomethasone (Becotide)
Montelukast
Prednisolone
Which of the following is a corticosteroid used to treat asthma and acts more globally
Salbutamol
Salmeterol
Beclomethasone (Becotide)
Montelukast
Prednisolone
Which of the following is a corticosteroid used to treat asthma and acts more globally
Salbutamol
Salmeterol
Beclomethasone (Becotide)
Montelukast
Prednisolone
Which of the following is a corticosteroid used to treat asthma and acts more locally
Salbutamol
Salmeterol
Beclomethasone (Becotide)
Montelukast
Prednisolone
Which of the following is a corticosteroid used to treat asthma and acts more locally
Salbutamol
Salmeterol
Beclomethasone (Becotide)
Montelukast
Prednisolone
Which of the following is associated with Cushings disease if long term use occurs
Salbutamol
Salmeterol
Beclomethasone (Becotide)
Montelukast
Prednisolone
Which of the following is associated with Cushings disease if long term use occurs
Salbutamol
Salmeterol
Beclomethasone (Becotide)
Montelukast
Prednisolone
Which of the following treatment for asthma can be associated with oral thrush?
Salbutamol
Salmeterol
Beclomethasone (Becotide)
Montelukast
Prednisolone
Which of the following treatment for asthma can be associated with oral thrush?
Salbutamol
Salmeterol
Beclomethasone (Becotide)
Montelukast
Prednisolone
Which of the following is a leukotriene antagonist to treat asthma?
Salbutamol
Salmeterol
Beclomethasone (Becotide)
Montelukast
Prednisolone
Which of the following is a leukotriene antagonist to treat asthma?
Salbutamol
Salmeterol
Beclomethasone (Becotide)
Montelukast
Prednisolone
What are the 4 drugs used to treat TB? [4]
What are the 4 drugs used to treat TB? [4]
Rifampicin
Isoniazid
Pyrazinamide
Ethambutol
Which of the following treats TB by blocking mycolic acid synthesis required for mycobacterial cell wall synthesis?
Rifampicin
Isoniazid
Pyrazinamide
Ethambutol
Which of the following treats TB by blocking mycolic acid synthesis required for mycobacterial cell wall synthesis?
Rifampicin
Isoniazid
Pyrazinamide
Ethambutol
Which of the following is a prodrug which is converted to pyrazinoic acid and disrupts the membrane potential in TB causing death?
Rifampicin
Isoniazid
Pyrazinamide
Ethambutol
Which of the following is a prodrug which is converted to pyrazinoic acid and disrupts the membrane potential in TB causing death?
Rifampicin
Isoniazid
Pyrazinamide
Ethambutol
Which of the following blocks mycolic acid synthesis?
Rifampicin
Isoniazid
Pyrazinamide
Ethambutol
Which of the following blocks mycolic acid synthesis?
Rifampicin
Isoniazid
Pyrazinamide
Ethambutol
Which of the following blocks bacterial RNA polymerase to treat TB?
Rifampicin
Isoniazid
Pyrazinamide
Ethambutol
Which of the following blocks bacterial RNA polymerase to treat TB?
Rifampicin
Isoniazid
Pyrazinamide
Ethambutol
Alongside prescribing oxygen, which other drug would you give someone with acute heart failure?
diuretic
ACE-I/ARB
beta-blocker
aldosterone inhibitor
Alongside prescribing oxygen, which other drug would you give someone with acute heart failure?
diuretic
ACE-I/ARB
beta-blocker
aldosterone inhibitor
