Anatomy of the thorax Flashcards
Pec major is innervated by which nerves - from which levels? [2]
Pec minor is innervated by which nerves - from which levels? [2]
SCM is innervated by which nerve? [1]
Serratus anterior is innervated by which nerve? [1]
Pec major and minor:
Pectoral nerves; C5-T1 [1]
Sternocleidomastoid: CNXI
Serratus anterior: Long thoracic nerve; C5-C7
All of these muscles cause elevation during inspiration
Radical masctemomy may damage which nerve?
CNIX
Long thoracic nerve
Pectoral nerves (C5-T1)
External Intercostal Nerves (T2-T11)
Internal Intercostal Nerves (T2-T11)
Radical masctemomy may damage which nerve?
CNIX
Long thoracic nerve: winging scapula
Pectoral nerves (C5-T1)
External Intercostal Nerves (T2-T11)
Internal Intercostal Nerves (T2-T11)
External intercostal muscles are innervated by which nerve? [1]
Rectus abdominis is innervated by which nerves? [1]
External intercostal muscles are innervated by which nerve? [1]
Intercostal nerves: T2-T11
Elevates ribcage
Rectus abdominis is innervated by which nerves? [1]
Intercostal and subcostal nerves T7-T12
Depresses ribcage
Where is the chest wall neurovasculature found? [1]
What is the order of the neurovasculature? [1]
Inferior to rib: costal groove
VAN
(Superior –> inferior)
IVC runs through the diaphragm at which level?
T8
T9
T10
T11
T12
IVC runs through the diaphragm at which level?
T8
T9
T10
T11
T12
Oesphagus runs through the diaphragm at which level?
T8
T9
T10
T11
T12
Oesphagus runs through the diaphragm at which level?
T8
T9
T10
T11
T12
Aorta runs through the diaphragm at which level?
T8
T9
T10
T11
T12
Aorta runs through the diaphragm at which level?
T8
T9
T10
T11
T12
What is the innervation to visceral pleura from? [1]
What is the innervation to parietal pleura from? [1]
Which is sensitive to pain? [1]
What is the innervation to visceral pleura from? [1]
Sympatheric and parasympathetic
What is the innervation to parietal pleura from? [1]
Autonomic: Intercostal nerves (T2-T12)
Anteriorly: Phrenic Nerve
Which is sensitive to pain? [1]
Parietal
A blunted costophrenic angle would indicate what pathology? [1]
Pleural effusion: due to fluid collection
What is pneumothorax caused by? [1]
How does pneumothorax appear on a CXR? [1]
What is pneumothorax caused by? [1]
Air in the pleural space
How does pneumothorax
appear on a CXR? [1]
- Air creates darker ares on CXR.
- Visible visceral pleural edge is seen as a very thin sharp line
Which are more superior in lung hilum:
pulmonary artery
pulmonary veins
Which are more superior in lung hilum:
pulmonary artery
pulmonary veins
Describe the pathophysiology of emphysema [4]
What does this look like on a CXR? [1]
Destruction of alveolar walls
Reduced surface area
Loss of elastic tissue
Narrowed bronchioles
Appears as hyperexpansion of lungs (because can’t expel air)
Which of the following occurs from pleural effusion which occurs from a pneumothorax?
Right: Pneumothorax
Left: Pleural effusion
(black - air, white - liquid)
Which structures are found in the superior mediastinum? [8]
Great vessels
Trachea
Oesophagus
Thymus
Vagus nerves
Phrenic nerves
Recurrent laryngeal nerves
Thoracic duct
Describe the difference in the path of right and left recurrent laryngeal nerves
the right recurrent laryngeal loops around the right subclavian artery.
Left recurrent laryngeal loops around the arch of the aorta
What is the stellate ganglion and where does it provide innervation to?
The stellate ganglion is formed by the fusion of the inferior cervical and superior thoracic sympathetic ganglia and provides most of the sympathetic innervation to the head, neck, upper extremity, and a portion of the upper thorax.
Which structures run in the posterior mediastinum? [5]
Azygous vein (+hemiazygous)
Vagus
Oesophagus
Thoracic duct
Thoracic aorta
3 gus
& 2 thoracic
What pathology is indicated by this CXR? [1]
Hyperexpansion - e.g. emphysema
