Growth and Development Flashcards

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1
Q

Growth

A

Increase in size. change in quantity

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2
Q

Development

A

change in function of organs that the relative proportion of organs. change in quality

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3
Q

-blast

A

to sprout

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4
Q

cyt-

A

cell

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5
Q

derm-

A

skin

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6
Q

ecto-

A

outside of

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7
Q

en-, endo-

A

within

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8
Q

meso-medio-

A

middle

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9
Q

teras-, terat

A

monster

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10
Q

toti-

A

whole

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11
Q

Hypertrophy

A

increase in cell size through increase in organelle size and amount of cytoplasm. ex muscle and nerve cells. mainly postnatal growth

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12
Q

Hyperplasia

A

Increase in cell numbers through mitosis. Examples in postnatal growth: skin, blood capillaries, liver, adipose tissue. Mainly prenatal growth

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13
Q

Determinate Growth

A

Body grows up to a certain point (maturity) then growth stops

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14
Q

Indeterminate Growth

A

Growth continues throughout the lifetime. Fish

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15
Q

Development:

A

Form and function. Series of uninterrupted correlated events.

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16
Q

Cellular Differentiation

A

Cells becomes specialized. All cells start from the single fertilized ovum and then turn into liver cells, muscle cells, or skin cells

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17
Q

Morphogenesis

A

Establishment of shape and patterns in an animal

18
Q

Morphology

A

the study of form and structure

19
Q

Fertilization

A

combining of sperm and ovum to form a zygote

20
Q

Zona Pellucida

A

Protective layer that surrounds and protects the oocyte

21
Q

Cleavage

A

Cell division following fertilization. Occurs without the cell increasing so the cell size decreases

22
Q

Morula

A

Solid ball of cells, Mulberry shaped hence the name

23
Q

Blastomeres

A

Cell formed during the clevage

24
Q

Blastocyst (Blastula)

A

Hollow ball with initially one cell thick layer around the cavity. during differentiation it becomes two different cell types

25
Q

Trophoblast

A

Outer layer that forms the placenta

26
Q

Inner mass cell

A

Small aggreate of cells on one end that form the embryo

27
Q

Implantation

A

Attachment of blastocyst to uterine wall

28
Q

Gastrulation

A

Conversion of blastula into gastrula. This is where endoderm and ectoderm come into place

29
Q

Endoderm

A

Turns into lungs, gastrointestinal tract

30
Q

Mesoderm

A

Turns into muscles, urinary system, reproductive system, heart and bone and blood

31
Q

Ectoderm

A

Forms the epidermis and the nervous system

32
Q

Neurulation

A

ectoderm forming into the brain, spin, and nerves

33
Q

Fetus

A

Time when organs are formed until birth

34
Q

Prenatal Growth

A

Period of ovum: Fertilization to implantation.
Period of Embryo: Gastrulation
Period of Fetus: Late embryonic stage

35
Q

Sheep Gestation

A

147

36
Q

Swine gestation

A

114 or 3 months 3 weeks 3 days

37
Q

Cattle gestation

A

283

38
Q

Horse Gestation

A

336

39
Q

Humans

A

266

40
Q

Ontogeny

A

Life history, entire life span

41
Q

Tertatology

A

Study of malformation in embryos