G.I infections Flashcards
What are the 6 major groups of E. Coli that cause G.I infection:
Enteropathogenic
Enterotoxigenic
Enterohaemorrhagic
Entero- invassive
Entero-aggregative
Diffuse Aggregative
What is most typically associated with traveler’s diarrhoea?
if it requires treatment, how is it treated?
Enterotoxigenic E. Coli
Heat Liable toxin
+/-
Heat Stable toxin
Ciprofloxacin
What infection is caused by E.Coli 0157
Enterohaemorrhagic
Shigella like toxin
How does Campylobacter jejuni cause infection?
Invassion into the G.I epithelium
Bloody diarrhoea
What are some complications of salmonella enterica infection?
Osteomyelitis
Septic Athritis
What bacteria causes dysentery?
Shigella Dysenteriae
What types of serology are found on vibrio cholerae?
Serology 01
Serology 0139
What is the incubation period of Staph Aureus infection of the G.I?
Short 30mins - 6 hours
perfuse vomiting
What bacteria is usually associated with fried rice, cooled rice and produces heat stable spores?
Bacillus Cereus:
Emetic disease.
What bacteria is often associated with bulk cooking, usually meat products, which have allow spores to germinate?
Clostridium Perfringens
What severity markers are used to assess C. Diff?
Colonic dilation > 6cm
WCC > 15
Creatinine 1.5 x baseline
Temperture > 38
Immunosuppresion
What bacteria is implicated in pregnant women and is often found in soft cheeses, coleslaw, unpasteurised milk?
Listeria monocytogenes
How does listeria monocytogenes usually present?
Initially flu like symptoms:
2 weeks later:
Septicaemia
Meningitis
Which bacteria can survive very cold temperatures, such as seen in the fridge?
Listeria m`onocytogenes
What are the two toxins produced by S. Aureus?
enterotoxins type A & E
Where are most the chlorea epidemics?
Africa
Asia
South america
What lab techniques can be used to try and identify bacteria?
Enrichment broth
- to grow particularly bacteria
Selective media
- suppressing background flora
Differential media
- MacConkey’s media
- lactose fermenting
What is the class of virus that the norovirus belongs too?
Calciviridae family
What kind of virus is the norovirus?
positive sense, single stranded RNA
What is the most common genotype of the norovirus?
GII - 4
What kinda of virus is the rotavirus?
Double stranded RNA
What are the main strains of rotavirus?
G1 G2 G3 G4 G9
Whats the vaccine against rotavirus?
Rotarix
What causes enteric fever?
Salmonella Typhi
Salmonella Paratyphi
What are some complications of enteric fever?
Bowel perforation - Peyer patches hyperplasia
Enteric Encephalopathy
- dissemination of bacteria throughout
Septic shock
How do you treat enteric fever?
Cephalosporins
- empirical therapy
Quinolones
How does vibro cholera cause diarrhoea?
Hydrolyses the mucus membrane
What receptors mediate E. Coli binding to the gut?
Intimin
Translocated itimin receptor
What kinda of virus is the Adenovirus and what are the main sub types?
doubel stranded DNA
40
41
How long is C.Diff treated for?
Metradindazole 10 days
What is the treatment of C. Diff if there is any complications i.e. colonic dilation?
Vancomycin
What antibiotics are most commonly associated with C.Diff infection?
Ciprofloxacin (all quinilones)
Co-amoxiclav
Clindamycin
Cephalosporins
How is syphilis diagnosed and how is it treated?
Dark field microscopy of chanres
Serology of blood.
Penicillin - via injection
How is chlamydia diagnosed and how is it treated?
NAAT from swabs
Doxycycline or azithromycin
Should also treat for Gonorrhea as infections usually co-exist
- ceftriaxone
How is N. Gonorrhea treated?
Ceftriaxone
+
Azithromycin
What bacteria that cause G.I infection are effected by acid? and what drugs can increase the risk of infection from them?
Salmonella
Omeprazole
Whats the most common infection of shigella?
and what is the most severe infection of shigella?
Shigella Sonnei
Shigella Dysenteriae
