Cardio/ Blood Drugs Flashcards
How does Abcixmab work?
GP IIb/ IIIa antagonist
Name two IIb/ IIIa antagonists:
Abciximab
Tirofiban
Name a phosphodiesterase inhibitor and how does it work?
Dipyridamole
Blocks the regarding of cAMP.
Increased cAMP reduces platelets responsiveness to ADP
What enzymes does Warfarin inhibit and what is the consequence of this?
Vitamin K oxide reductase.
No formation of the Carboxy - glutamic acid residues that Ca2+ binds too.
Name a IIa inhibitor:
Dabigatran
What reverses Dabigatran?
Idarucizumab
Name three Xa inhibitors:
Rivaroxaban
Eporoxaban
Apixaban
What is the combination drug used in heart failure with reduced ejection fraction?
LCZ696
- Sacubitril/ Valsartan
How does LCZ696 work?
Sacubitril - Inhibits Neprilysin - which degrades BNPs
Valsartan - Angiotensin II antagonist
Name a cardio glycoside and how it works:
Digoxin
Blocks Na/K ATPase, increases Na2+ leading to Ca2+ increase = increasing force of contraction
Activates Vagal activity, slowing heart.
Name some side effects of amiodarone:
- photosensitivity
- Hyperthyroidism/ Hypothyroidism
- corneal deposits
- hypersensitivity reactions
List some side effects of statins:
Myalgia
Myopathy
Increased creatinine levels
List some rate limiting Ca2+ channel blockers:
Verapamil
Diltiazem
Liste some non- rate limiting Ca2+ channel blockers:
Amlodipine
Nifedipine
Felodipine
What are rate limiting Ca2+ channel blockers contraindicated in?
Heart failure
Left ventricular heart failure
Use with Beta blockers
What is a common side effect of verapamil?
Constipation
What is a common side effect of Diltiazem?
Ankle swelling
What are common side effects in non-rate limiting Ca2+ channel blockers?
Ankle swelling
List some cardioselective beta blockers:
Bisoprolol
Atenolol
Liste some non- cardioselective beta blockers:
Propranolol
Carvedilol
How is alteplase Given?
basal bolus regimen
How is tenecteplase administered?
Single bolus
How is low molecular weight heparin administered?
Sub-cut
Name two cardioselective Beta blockers:
Atenolol
Bisoprolol
What is a side affects diabetics need to be careful off when using beta blockers?
Reduced hypoglycemia awareness
What drugs must not be combined with beta blockers?
rate limiting Ca2+ blockers - verapamil and diltiazem
Name two non cardioselective beta blockers:
which of these may also act on beta 2 receptors?
propranolol
Carvedilol
- carvedilol
Name two rate limiting Ca2+ blockers, how do they work and name main side effects of each:
Name what they cannot be used in and name a drug they can’t be used in combination with:
Verapamil
Diltiazem
work by block L-type calcium channels, causing:
- dilation
- negative inotropy
- AV conduction slowing - negative chronological affect.
Verapamil: Constipation and headache
Diltiazem: GI upsets and ankle swelling
Can’t be used in heart failure - due to negative inotropic effect
Can’t be used with beta blockers
What medication needs bloods checked every 2 weeks - monitoring electrolyte balance?
ACE inhibitors
ACE can cause hyponatremia
What is main side effect of nitrates and what advice can you give to patients?
Headaches
- will reduce as time goes on with use.
Take peroids off from the drug to avoid tolerance build up
List some important side effects of amiodarone:
Photosensitivity skin reactions
Corneal deposition
Hyperthyroidism/ hypothyroidism
- due to iodine content
Hypersensitivity reaction
What must be monitored in patients taking amiodarone?
Thyroid levels
LFTS
Where do thiazides work? and what drug may reduce their effectiveness?
Distal PCT
NSAIDs
Which beta blockers would be given for anxiety, post MI prophylactic therapy and migraine prophylaxis?
Non - cardio selective.
Propranolol
carvedilol
Which drug has an indication for use in CKD?
ACE inhibitors
Which drug class is contraindicated in pregnancy?
ACE inhibitors
What drug class is heavily associated with venous ulceration?
ACE Inhibitors
Which drugs are associated with hyperuricemia?
Loop diuretics
