Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Phase 3 > Cancer Drugs > Flashcards

Cancer Drugs Flashcards

1
Q

What are the broad types of chemotherapy?

A

Alkylating Agents

Cytotoxic Antibiotics

Antimetabolites

Microtubule Inhibitors

Steroid Hormones

Monoclonal Antibodies

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

How do alkylating Agents work?

and how do each of these subsets directly affect the cellular activity?

A

Cause Cross linking:
- same strand - unable to carry out transcription

  • Between strands - unable to seperate the two strands

A such the DNA can’t open correctly allowing DNA polymerase to work

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Name a common alkylating agent that uses phosphamide, and how does this interact with tumour cells?

What agent protects against it?

A

Clycophosphamide

A lot of tumours have Phosphoramidase - which cleaves off the phosphamide activating the drug

Aldehyde Dehdrogenase

  • liver
  • Bone marrow
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Which Alklyating Agent can cross the blood brain barrier?

A

Lomustine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are the three main catergories of Antimetabolites?

A

Folate Antagonists

Pyrimidine Analogues

Purine Analogues

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

How do Antimetabolites work?

A

Interrupt natural compounds needed for DNA synthesis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Name a folate antagonist, and how does it work?

A

Methotrexate

Dihydrofolate reductase inhibitor

*this is needed to make THF which is a co-factor to Thyamidylate synthase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Name a Pyrimidine Analogue and how does it work?

A

5 - Fluorouracil

Thymidylate synthase inhibitor
- by acting as a fraudulent nucleotide preventing DTMP production (which is a precursor to pyramidines)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Name some cytotoxic antibiotics:

A

Dactinomycin

Doxorubicin

Etoposide

Bleomycin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Name some microtubule Inhibitors:

Where must these not be injected?

A

Vincristine

Vinblastine

*CNS. will kill.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What drug blocks oestrogen receptor?

A

Tamoxifen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what drug blocks Her2 receptors?

A

Trastuzumab

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What drug blocks testosterone receptors?

A

Flutamide

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Name a CD20 inhibitor used for B cell cancers:

A

Rituximab

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

List some common general toxic effects of chemo:

A

Bone marrow suppression

loss of hair

Gastrointestinal epithelium disruption

Liver, heart kidney dysfunction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

List the cells which make up a tumour - and how this affects drugs which can be used:

A

Solid tumours are made up of:

  • *dividing cells
  • cell cycle drugs work well here
  • *non dividing cells
  • not many drugs work here
  • often cause relapses
  • **Cells that are no longer dividing but contribute to tumour size.
  • no issues with these
17
Q

How must nitrogen mustards be given?
- name a type

and name 2 conditions they are always used in

A

IV

Cyclophosphamide

hodgkins
non-hodgkins

18
Q

What is Melphalan?

what is it used to treat?

A

Melphalan is a nitrogen mustard, alkylating agent, which is much more stable and less distribution.

used in:

  • multiple myeloma
  • breast cancer
  • ovarian cancer
19
Q

What specific part of the DNA do alkylating agents target?

A

N7 of purine nucleotides

20
Q

By blocking dihydrofolate reductase, what do you end up inhibiting the production off?

A

Purines and pyrimidines

21
Q

Name a pyrimidine analogue:

A

5 fluorouracil

- prevents thymidine formation

22
Q

Name a purine analogue:

A

mercaptopurine

23
Q

How does dactinomycin work? and what is it?

A

Dactinomycin is cytotoxic antibiotic

Binds within the minor groove of DNA helix, causes RNA polymerase to defect

24
Q

How does doxorubicin work? and what is it?

A

Cytotoxic antibiotic

Binds to sugar backbone of DNA nucleotides causing local uncoiling.
leads to failure of DNA and RNA polymerase action

25
Q

What is vincristine, and how does it work?

A

Vincristine is a microtubule inhibitor.

Blocks formation of tubulin formation - blocking microtubules

26
Q

Name a pituitary hormone inhibitor that reduces LH hormone:

A

Prostap

27
Q

What is the only drugs that work in the M phase?

A

Microtubule inhibitors:
Vincristine
Vinblastine

28
Q

What drug is used in lung cancer?

A

Cisplatin -

platinum based

29
Q

What enzyme breaks down 6 mercaptopurine?

A

Xanthine oxidase

Phase 3 (50 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions