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Year 2 > GI HARC 1 > Flashcards

GI HARC 1 Flashcards

1
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A
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2
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The Tongue

A
  • Mobile, muscular organ
  • Occupies floor of oral cavity
  • Has very rich neurovascular supply
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3
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Key functions of mouth

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  • Mastication
  • Swallowing
  • Taste
  • Speech
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4
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Structure Tongue

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1) 8 muscles in a coat of oral mucosa

  • Alter shape and position of tongue
  • Protrusion/retraction and side-to-side movement

2) Has an oral part

  • Anterior to terminal sulcus
  • Approx. 2/3
  • Horizontal

3) Has a pharyngeal part

  • Posterior to terminal sulcus
  • Approx. 1/3
  • More vertical
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5
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6
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Innervation of the Tongue

3 types of innervation:

A

1) General somatic efferent

  • aka motor
  • Innervation to muscles

2) General visceral afferent

  • aka general sensory
  • Tactile sensation; “touch”

3) Special visceral afferent

• Special sensory; taste

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9
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What is Masticatory mucosa?

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  • Mucosa is thicker and contains keratinized epithelia more anteriorly
  • Deals with greater dehydration and abrasion during mastication
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10
Q

What are the mucosal projections?

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  • Vallate papillae
  • Fungiform papillae
  • Filiform papillae
  • Foliate papillae

Have specialised mucosa with nerve endings for general sense and taste

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11
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12
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Sensory Innervation to ANTERIOR 2/3 of Tongue

A
  • General sensation • Lingual nerve • A branch of mandibular nerve (cn. V3 )
  • Taste (special sensation) • Chorda tympani • A branch of facial nerve (cn. VII)
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13
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Sensory Innervation to POSTERIOR 1/3 of Tongue

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14
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Sensory Innervation to POSTERIOR 1/3 of Tongue

A
  • General sensation • Glossopharyngeal nerve (cn. IX)
  • Taste (special sensation) • Glossopharyngeal nerve (cn. IX)
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15
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Functions of Saliva

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Functions:

  1. Lubricates food to assist with swallowing
  2. Contains digestive enzymes and antimicrobial agents to resist periodontal infection
  3. Moistens buccal mucosa – v. important for speech
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16
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Saliva

Secretion (via ducts):

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  • Continuous at rest
  • Mostly in response to drying out of oral/pharyngeal mucosa
  • Rapid increase with mastication through autonomic innervation
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17
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Salivary Glands

What are the exocrine glands?

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Major (paired): Parotid glands, Submandibular glands, Sublingual glands Minor: Found throughout oral mu

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20
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Is Salivatoin is autonomic or somatic

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autonomic

21
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The Parotid Gland

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Secretomotor supply:

  • Originates in glossopharyngeal n.
  • Synapses in otic ganglion
  • Carried to gland in auriculotemporal n.
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23
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Submandibular Gland

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Secretomotor supply:

  • From chorda tympani (cn. VII)
  • Carried in lingual n.
  • Synapses in submandibular ganglion
  • Synapse here is secretomotor only, not taste
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25
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Sublingual Gland:

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Secretomotor supply: • From chorda tympani (cn. VII) - Carried in lingual n.

• Synapses in submandibular ganglion - Synapse here is secretomotor only

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27
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Nerves Origin

Parotid gland:

Submandibular gland:

Sublingual gland:

A

Parotid gland: Glossopharyngeal n. (cn. IX); otic ganglion

Submandibular gland: Chorda tympani (cn. VII); submandibular ganglion

Sublingual gland: Chorda tympani (cn. VII); submandibular ganglion

28
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The Facial Nerve

Where does it pass through?

A
  • Passing through the parotid gland
  • Does not supply it!
  • Important consideration for parotidectomy
29
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Synovial joint between:

A
  • Temporal bone (mandibular fossa)
  • Mandible (condyle of mandible)
30
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• Unique pair of joints:

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  • Bilateral (left & right)
  • Functions as a single unit
  • Symmetrical opening important for incising
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32
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Movement at the The Temporomandibular Joint

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  • TMJ is divided into 2 parts (by an articular disc)
  • Upper joint compartment • Lower joint compartment
  • Allows for 2 movements in the sagittal plane, simultaneously
  • Sliding back and forth (protrusion & retraction)
  • Hinge/rotation (elevation & depression)

• Also lateral movement

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35
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What do the letters stand for?

A

M = mandibular fossa

AT = articular tubercle

H = head of mandible

N = neck of mandible

36
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What are the muscles of mastication?

A
  • 4 muscles produce movement of the mandible at TMJ
  • Temporalis
  • Masseter
  • Medial pterygoid
  • Lateral pterygoid
37
Q

Muscles of Mastication

What are they innervated by?

A
  • All innervated by Cn. V3
  • Mandibular division of trigeminal nerve
  • Because all derived from 1st pharyngeal arch
38
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What is the function of temporalis?

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  • Anterior fibres are vertical - Elevation!
  • Posterior fibres are horizontal - Retraction!
39
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What is the function of the Masseter?

A
  • Deep fibres are vertical - Elevation!
  • Superficial fibres are oblique - Elevation… and protraction!
40
Q

Name the coloured muscles

A
  • Medial pterygoid - Elevates mandible
  • Lateral pterygoid - Pulls mandible anteriorly at TMJ – important for allowing mouth to open
41
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Year 2 (33 decks)

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