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Year 2 > CVS HARC 1 > Flashcards

CVS HARC 1 Flashcards

1
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A
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2
Q

Which tunia is the thickest in the arteries?

A

Thick tunica media due to elastic fibre and smooth muscle presence

Because they are pumping blood to targetted tissues.

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3
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Which tunica is thickest in veins?

A

Thick tunica externa to support vessel as smooth muscle lacking

Dont need thst muscular component of pumping blood they are just collecting blood

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7
Q

Branches of External Carotid Artery

A
  • Superior thyroid artery
  • Ascending pharyngeal artery
  • Lingual artery
  • Facial artery
  • Occipital artery
  • Posterior auricular artery
  • Maxillary artery
  • Superficial temporal artery
  • Some Anatomists Like Freaking Out Poor Medical Students
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8
Q

What branch is the posterior intercostal artery?

A

Branch from supreme intercostal a.

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9
Q

What branch is the posterior intercostal artery?

A

Direct from thoracic a.

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10
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16
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17
Q

What arteries are involved in the thoracic wall blood supply

A

Subclavian a

Internal thoracic a

Anterior intercostal a

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18
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21
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22
Q

What does right coronary artery do?

A

Provide the heart with oxygenated blood – vasa vasorum

First aortic branch

Occupies coronary/atrioventricular sulcus

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23
Q

What does the left coronary artery do?

A

Provide the heart with oxygenated blood – vasa vasorum

First aortic branch

Occupies coronary/atrioventricular sulcus

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24
Q

What causes the closure of valves?

A

Backflow of blood during diastole due to aortic elastic recoil – closes valve and causes filling of coronary arteries

25
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27
Q

What is coronary dominance

A

Coronary arterial dominance is defined by the vessel which gives rise to the posterior descending artery (PDA), which supplies the myocardium of the inferior third of the interventricular septum. … In a codominant heart a single or duplicated PDA is supplied by branches of both the RCA and the LAD or LCx

28
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A
29
Q

What is atherosclerosis?

A

Atherosclerosis is a potentially serious condition where arteries become clogged with fatty substances called plaques, or atheroma

  • Stenosis (narrowing) of arteries- Lipid deposits in tunica intima; linked to circulating cholesterol
  • Usually causes coronary artery disease
  • Insufficient tissue perfusion
30
Q

What is the treatment for atherosclerosis?

A

Coronary angioplasty or bypass

31
Q

What does these sites represent?

A

Coronary artery occlusion sites in order of frequency (1-6)

32
Q

WHat is Cardiac skeleton

A
  • Four fibrous rings (Annuli)
  • Provides valve attachment sites
  • Maintains opening integrity
  • Separates atria from ventricles • Physically • Electrically - AV bundle connects atria to ventricles so you can have atria and ventricles contracting at different speed.
  • Fibrous trigones (right and left)
33
Q

What is Cardiac Innervation

A
  • Sympathetic T1-T5 (loss causes bradycardic symptoms) • Increase heart rate & contractile force • Cardiac output increase
  • Parasympathetic Vagus n.(loss causes tachycardic symptoms) • Decrease heart rate & contractile force • Cardiac output decrease
  • Afferent (sensory) T1-T5 • Carried in sympathetic cardiac nerves • Referred pain to chest and upper limb
34
Q

What is Conduction System

A
  • Made of specialised cardiac muscle cells which conduct electrical impukses
  • Depolarise faster than normal cardiac muscle cells, spreading the signal quicker
  • Without them, signal still travels but incorrectly distributed and at the wrong speed • Atria and ventricles contract simultaneously
  • Conduction systems initiates and coordinates the signal
35
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A
36
Q

P wave -

  • PR interval -
  • QRS Complex -
  • ST segment –
  • T wave –
  • QT interval –
A

P wave - Atrial depolarization (contractions of atria)

  • PR interval - AV Conduction (delay)
  • *PR segment often used
  • QRS Complex - Ventricular depolarization (ventricles contract) (masks atrial repolarization)
  • ST segment – between ventricular repolarization and depolarization
  • T wave – ventricular repolarization
  • QT interval – Q wave > T wave
37
Q

Causes of Heart block

A
  • Causes
  • Ischaemia and infarction - coronary artery disease
  • Fibrosis – heart failure, hypertension & ageing
  • Drugs
  • AV can cover for SA and vice versa
38
Q

WHat is a heart block?

A

• Disruption in conduction system • Abnormal slow heart rhythm (bradycardia)

39
Q

WHat are the different types of heart block

A

• Different types – SA, AV, AV Bundle & Bundle • Focus on AV block

40
Q

What is common cvs disease in the western world

A

Abdominal aortic aneurysm

due obesity/cholestrol etc

41
Q

At which vertebral level does the common carotid artery bifurcate?

A

c4

42
Q

The brachiocephalic trunk gives rise to which structures

A

Right Subclavian Artery

Right Common Carotid Artery

43
Q

Inferior thyroid artery is a branch of_________

A

the thyrocervical trunk.

44
Q

As it passes under the inguinal ligament, what does the external iliac artery become?

A

Femoral Artery

45
Q

The anterior intercostal arteries branch from which structure?

A

Internal thoracic artery

46
Q

The superior gluteal artery is a branch of the posterior trunk of the internal iliac artery

TRUE OR FALSE

A

TRUE

47
Q

What is the origin of the inferior epigastric artery?

A

External iliac artery

48
Q

The internal thoracic artery only gives off the superior epigastric artery

TRUE OR FALSE

A

FALSE

Internal thoracic artery becomes the musculophrenic and superior epigastric arteries.

49
Q

Which muscle do the inferior and superior epigastric arteries run on the posterior surface of

A

Rectus abdominus

50
Q

what is vasa vasorum

A

the vasa vasorum (VV) — “vessels on vessels” — are blood vessels located on the outside of arteries (Figure 1). … To compensate, the VV develop, carrying blood from further up the artery or adjacent arteries and veins to provide a blood supply to these outermost cells.

51
Q

Where do the coronary artery’s originate from?

A

Ascending Aorta

52
Q

The majority of people have their SA node supplied by the left coronary artery

TRUE or FALSE

A

FALSE

60% of individuals have their SA node supplied by the right coronary artery.

53
Q

The anterior inter-ventricular vein drains directly into which venous structure?

A

Great cardiac vein

54
Q

Angina is caused by complete occlusion of the coronary arteries.

TRUE OR FALSE

A

FALSE

Angina is associated with partial occlusion of the coronary arteries. Ischaemia without cellular necrosis

55
Q

During a coronary artery bypass, which vessel is located immediately posterior to the clamp placed to utilise the bypass machine?

A

Superior vena cava

56
Q

Which arterial branch of the subclavian artery can be used in a CABG (coronary artery bypass graft)?

A

Internal thoracic artery

57
Q

What are the sympathetic nerve roots for the cardiac innervation?

A

T1-T5

58
Q

The moderator band passes electrical impulses from the interventricular septum to which structure?

A

Anterior Papillary muscle

59
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A

Year 2 (33 decks)

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