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GI > GI anatomy: Abdominal Pain > Flashcards

GI anatomy: Abdominal Pain Flashcards

1
Q

What are the component of the small intestine?

A

Duodenum
Jejunum
Ileum

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2
Q

What are components of the large intestine?

A 
caecum
appendix
ascending colon
transverse colon
descending colon
sigmoid colon
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3
Q

What organs are found in the foregut?

A

oesophagus to mid duodenum
liver and the gall bladder
spleen
1/2 pancreas

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4
Q

what are the midgut organs?

A

mid-duodenum to proximal 2/3rds of the transverse colon

inferior 1/2 of the pancreas

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5
Q

what organs are found in the hindgut?

A

distal 1/3rd of the transverse colon to proximal 1/2 of the anal canal

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6
Q

what are the 9 regions of the abdomen?

A 
epigastric
umbilical
pubic
L and R hypochodrium
L and R lumbar
L and R inguinal
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7
Q

Which peritoneum engulfs the organs?

A

visceral

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8
Q

which peritoneum is found on the body wall?

A

parietal

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9
Q

intraperitoneal organs?

A

completely covered by visceral peritoneum

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10
Q

retroperitoneal organs?

A

only the anterior surface of the organ is covered by the visceral peritoneum

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11
Q

List intraperitoneal organs:

A 
liver and gall bladder
stomach
spleen
some small intestine
transverse colon
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12
Q

list retroperitoneal organs:

A 
kidneys
adrenal glands
pancreas
ascending colon
descending colon
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13
Q

Mesentery?

A

A double layer of peritoneum that connects organs to the posterior body wall, providing blood supply and innervation.

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14
Q

Lesser omentum?

A

A peritoneal formation which connects the lesser curvature of the stomach top the liver.

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15
Q

Greater omentum?

A

An apron-like peritoneal formation, which hangs from the stomach’s greater curvature, connecting it to the transverse colon.

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16
Q

List the peritoneal ligaments:

A

hepatoduodenal ligament
hepatogastric ligament
gastrosplenic ligament
splenorenal ligament

17
Q

What is the peritoneal pouch in males called?

A

Retrovesicular pouch

Located between the bladder and the rectum

18
Q

What are the peritoneal pouches in females?

A 
Vesicouterine pouch (between the bladder and the unterus).
Recto-uterine pouch of Douglas (between the uterus and the rectum)
19
Q

What is ascites?

A

A collection of fluid in the peritoneal cavity.

20
Q

What are the main causes of ascites?

A

Liver disease, such as cirrhosis and portal hypertension.

21
Q

Describe visceral pain.

A

Dull, achy, nauseating

Originates in an organ

22
Q

Describe somatic pain.

A

Sharp and stabbing, originates a the body wall.

23
Q

What nerve fibre types supply the abdominal organs?

A 
visceral afferents (sensory)
enteric nervous system (network of nerves in the GI tract's wall driving peristalsis)
autonomic motor nerves (parasympathetic and sympathetic)
24
Q

What nerve fibres supply the wall of the abdominal cavity?

A

somatic sensory nerves
somatic motor nerves
sympathetic fibres

25
Q

At what spinal cord levels do the sympathetic nerves innervating the abdominal organs leave the CNS?

A

between T5 and L2

26
Q

Where do these sympathetic nerves synapse?

A

They enter the sympathetic chains, but then travel on and only synapse at the prevertebral ganglia, located at the exit points of major branches of the abdominal aorta.
They then travel along the aortal branches towards the target organ.

27
Q

Sympathetic nerves supplying the adrenal glands. How are they different?

A

They synapse directly onto the cells, rather than the prevertebral ganglia.

28
Q

How do parasympathetic nerves reach abdominal organs?

A

Vagus nerve (CN X) - supplies the abdominal organs up to the distal end of the transverse colon.

Pelvic Spanchnic Nerves (S2,3,4) - supply the smooth muscle and glands of the descending colon to the anal canal.

29
Q

To which organs does epigastric pain correspond?

A

Foregut organs:

oesophagus to mid duodenum, liver, gallbladder, spleen, 1/2 pancreas

30
Q

What about umbilical pain?

A

Midgut:

Mid-duodenum to proximal 2/3 of the transverse colon, inferior 1/2 of pancreas.

31
Q

Pain in the pubic region?

A

Hindgut:

Distal 1/3rd of the transverse colon to proximal 1/2 of the anal canal.

32
Q

What is the cause of referred pain?

A

Pain fibres from abdominal organs travel up to the spine alongside the sympathetic fibres. Pain is perceived in the dermatomes which enter the spinal cord at the same level.

33
Q

What nerves contain the somatic motor, somatic sensory and sympathetic nerve fibres supplying the abdominal body wall?

A

Thoracoabdominal nerves
Subcostal nerve
Iliohypogastric nerve
Ilionguinal nerve

34
Q

Appendicitis - pain?

A

First dull, aching pain in the umbilical region.

Then sharp pain in the right iliac fossa, as the parietal peritoneum becomes irritated.

GI (36 decks)

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