gentics explanation for schiz

Question 1

is it bio or social?

Answer 1

bio

Question 2

what have scientist long known?

Answer 2

that schizophrenia runs in the family

Question 3

what % of general population have schizophrenia?

Answer 3

1%

Question 4

what % of people with first degree relative?

Answer 4

10%

Question 5

what % of people with second degree relative?

Answer 5

2-6%

Question 6

what & of people with MZ twin?

Answer 6

40-60%

Question 7

what researchers provided evidence for MZ twins?

Answer 7

Gottesman, found concordance of disorder in MZ twins to be 48%

Question 8

what do they high figures (percentages) suggest about schiz?

Answer 8

that genetics is the largest explanation

Question 9

what fraction of people with schiz have a family history?

Answer 9

less than a third

Question 10

has there been a single gene that causes schiz?

Answer 10

no

Question 11

how can schiz occur if there is no family history?

Answer 11

mutations

Question 12

what are mutations?

Answer 12

changes in genes, copying errors, radiation, poison or viruses

Question 13

what are the genes involved in the theory?

Answer 13

• disc 1
• 2q11
• xq23
• c4

Question 14

what is 2q11 depletion?

Answer 14

a section of the gene 2q11 missing

Question 15

what happens when someone has 2q11 depletion?

Answer 15

show psychotic symptoms similar to schizophrenia

Question 16

what is the frequency of those with symptoms in 2q11?

Answer 16

18%

Question 17

what has disc 1 got to do with schizophrenia?

Answer 17

has been implicated in the of psychiatric disorders (including schizophrenia) although there is no clear chromosomal abnormality relating it directly to schiz

Question 18

what else can be looked at if it isn’t one individual genes?

Answer 18

a gene variant that occurs in a groupings of genes

Question 19

what is the example of a gene variant?

Answer 19

rare gen variant xq23

Question 20

how has q23 been linked to schiz?

Answer 20

kirov et al found that 52% of cases of schizophrenia had this gene variant

Question 21

what does synapse pruning got to do with schiz?

Answer 21

loss of healthy brain synapses due to increases c4 gene activity, leads to cognitive symptoms found in schizophrenia

Question 22

what does an increase of c4 gene activity head to?

Answer 22

excessive gene pruning

Question 23

how many weaknesses is there for genes as theory?

Answer 23

5

Question 24

what is a criticism of the theory?

Answer 24

it is reductionist in the fact it only focuses on genes, does not focus as a whole (social)

Question 25

is the study applicable to those who have no family history at all?

Answer 25

not, not able to explain, in complete

Question 26

how does the theory have high reliability?

Answer 26

there are many different methods that can be used to study effects of genes such as family and twin study swell as dna pooling

Question 27

what did xu et al di and was he a strength or weakness?

Answer 27

strength
examined genetic makeup of 1077 people including 152 schiz and their parents. found that 10% of schiz patients had a mutation that distinguished dna from parents compared to 2%. shows that schiz can be explained through mutations

Question 28

what did gottesman and shields find?

Answer 28

compared mz and dz twins, identified them through blood tests and fingerprints. gathered medical info, questionnaires and interviews with them and parents. found that the concordance rate of schiz for mz was 42% and dz was 9%

Question 29

why can gottesman and shields be a weakness?

Answer 29

they did not find 100% so there must be environmental factors

Question 30

why is the explanation reductionist?

Answer 30

does not look at a whole, consider environmental factors

Question 31

why are there no reliable findings?

Answer 31

the area of genes is too complex for findings ro be similar, there has not been an explanation of one gene yet

Question 32

what did tiwari say?

Answer 32

other factors in scgiz come from environment and there is a need to study this is order to fully understand