dopamins hypothesis schiz

Question 1

what does the dopamine hypothesis believe?

Answer 1

that schizophrenia is caused by a chemical imbalance in the brain linked to the nt dopamine

Question 2

what does the hypothesis state?

Answer 2

the brains of schiz patients produces more dopamine, dopamine receptors having higher activity

Question 3

is schiz to do with increased dopamine or decreased levels?

Answer 3

increased

Question 4

what does the recent version of the theory state?

Answer 4

centres around hypersensitivity of certain dopamine receptors (d2) which means patients with the disorder are likely to overreact in the presence of dopamine

Question 5

what does hypersensitivity of dopamine receptors cause?

Answer 5

patients to over react in the presence of the nt

Question 6

what is dopamine

Answer 6

chemical messenger related to out ability to feel pleasure,attention and motivation

Question 7

where is the an increased amount of d2 receptors?

Answer 7

the mesolimbic pathway

Question 8

which symptoms are the d2 receptors linked to?

Answer 8

positive

Question 9

where is there a decreased amount of d1 receptors?

Answer 9

the mesocortical system

Question 10

what does the mesocortical system link?

Answer 10

the frontal lobes adnthe midbrain

Question 11

what symptoms does a reduced amount of d1 receptors cause?

Answer 11

negative

Question 12

how does sensitivity to dopamine arise?

Answer 12

lots of ways from genetics to brain lesioning

Question 13

why are there different amount of dopamine receptors in different areas of the brain?

Answer 13

development of certain receptors in one area may inhibit their development in another area

Question 14

what does a lack of dopamine activity in the prefrontal cortex cause?

Answer 14

excess production in the striatum

Question 15

what did carlsson et al investigate?

Answer 15

whether it was just dopamine involved in the development or whether other nt played a role

Question 16

what did carlsson suggest?

Answer 16

dopamine levels may be a result of changed somewhere else in the brain, dopamine levels compensatory system

Question 17

what other nt may be involved?

Answer 17

glutamate

Question 18

how is the regulation of dopamine controlled by glutamate?

Answer 18

glutamate acts as accelerators and breaks

Question 19

how do experience a normal state?

Answer 19

equal amount of both nt

Question 20

what antagonist were animals treated with?

Answer 20

NMDA

Question 21

what happened when animals were treated with NMDA?

Answer 21

showed psychotic symptoms

lack of glutamate

Question 22

how is serotonin linked to schiz?

Answer 22

causes negative symptoms

Question 23

what is strength to do with drugs?

Answer 23

drugs given to schiz often work by blocking dopamine receptors, less is taken up

Question 24

what is a strength involving parkinsons?

Answer 24

parkinsons sufferers are given levopoda and experience psychotic symptoms

Question 25

what is levopoda?

Answer 25

a drug given to parkinsons sufferers that adds dopamine

Question 26

how is the dopamine theory linked to genes?

Answer 26

genes are found in people with schiz that increase the production of dopamine

Question 27

what brain differences do those with schiz have?

Answer 27

they have grey matter and differences in front and temporal lobes which have been linked to sensitivity of dopamine at an early age

Question 28

why is it a strength that the glutamate hypothesis links to dopamine?

Answer 28

it creates a link between the two, building a body of knowledge which further adds to its scientific credibility

Question 29

what did carlson say that is a weakness?

Answer 29

he said that using brain scans to look at the differences humans are likely to feel pressure and respond differently especially in presence of a mental disorder so results likely to lack validity

Question 30

how can differences in neurotransmitters be assessed?

Answer 30

through brain scans, monitoring the activity in the brain

valid reliable