General Fireground Operations Flashcards
What is SOG 3.2.1.6?
General Fireground Operations
Lee County Fire Chief’s Shared Ideologies
No other action on the fire ground saves more lives and property than what?
Proper sized attack line placed in the right place at the right time
Lee County Fire Chief’s Shared Ideologies
What is not dependent on water supply or staffing?
Selection of appropriate GPM
Lee County Fire Chief’s Shared Ideologies
How quickly must a primary search be completed after arriving on scene?
10 min
Lee County Fire Chief’s Shared Ideologies
When is a building considered clear?
When FD personnel say its clear
Lee County Fire Chief’s Shared Ideologies
Search can be assigned without knowing if the entire building can be searched. Why?
Because we rely on staff to know “red lights”
Lee County Fire Chief’s Shared Ideologies
If there are critical fireground task that need to be completed what is an acceptable move for the IC?
Assign RIT to that task and backfill the RIT
Lee County Fire Chief’s Shared Ideologies
When in a large commercial building where should you start your fire attack?
At the closest point to the seat of the fire instead of arbitrarily from the front door.
NFPA 1710
Requirements for Single Family Residential Structure Fire
How many personnel must be on the initial alarm for a single family residential fire?
14 (15 if aerial in use)
What is the minimum gpm and for how long on a single family residential fire according to NFPA 1710?
400 gpm for 30 minutes and maintained by at least 1 person
NFPA 1710 states a minimum of how many attack lines on a single family residential fire?
2 lines (300gpm total; 100gpm minimum per) with 2 personnel operating each
NFPA 1710 states that at least one person for every attack line should be deployed to do what?
Provide hydrant hookup, and assist in laying line, FE, Utilities
NFPA 1710 calls for how many search teams on a single family residential fire?
At least 1 team of 2 personnel
NFPA 1710 call for how many ladder and vent teams on a single family residential fire?
At least 1 team of 2 personnel
NFPA 1710 states that if an aerial device is on scene it must have what?
An operator
NFPA 1710 states that on the initial alarm what can be established while RIT waits for the second alarm?
IRIC
How will incidents be dispatched?
Based upon unit recommendation through Lee Control for the incident type determined
What ill the first unit on scene do when they arrive?
Give a size-up report and establish command
1st alarm for Single Family Residential Fire
4 Engines, 1 Ladder, 1 BC, 1 EMS, 1 EMS DO
2nd Alarm
2 Engines, 1 Ladder, 1 BC, 1 EMS, 1 EMS DO
3rd Alarm
2 Engines, 1 Ladder
4th Alarm
2 Engines, 1 Ladder
If a jump in alarms is requested (1st to 3rd) what happens?
All the equipment defined in all of the alarms covered will respond.
Once a 2nd alarm has been requested, or two additional single resource mutual aid units above the initial response, what happens?
Lee Control advises all command staff officers through the FD all command page
Exceptions to Alarms?
Gas Leak/Odor- 2nd alarm- (2) engines, (1) ladder (Rural- (2) engines, (2) tenders
Rural Structure Fires- 2nd alarm- (2) tenders instead of (1)
What does MAC stand for?
Minimum Acceptable Coverage
Who can request agency coverage?
IC or automatically by Lee Control based upon call type and initial size up
When will dispatch prompt IC concerning MAC?
At 10 minute notification during certain incidents
What incidents receive a 10 minute notification and prompt for MAC?
Aircraft emergencies, explosion, haz-mat, prolonged vehicle extrications, brush fires, structure fires, train and rail fires
When agencies experiencing multiple calls of different types what might dispatch do?
Ask the shift commander or chief officer if a MAC is needed
When will MAC be activated automatically?
Anytime there is an additional alarm requested
What is an IAP?
Incident Action Plan
What is usually the basis for an IAP?
What an IC sees circling the incident on the size-up
What is a common failing for a Fire Ground Commander?
Creating an IAP and refusing to modify the IAP even though the incident dynamics have changed
What are the three basic source of fire ground factors?
Visual info
Reconnaissance info
Pre-Plan and Direct Knowledge info
Proper positioning of the command vehicle can provide what kind of view?
Half of the buildings exterior
What is reconnaissance info as it relates to fire ground factors?
Information that command receives from fire personnel operating on the fire ground either by specific assignment or by virtue of normal status reports.
What is a recon in terms of command?
quick assessment of the fire building accomplished by walking areound the structure and noting all significant factors such as visible fire, smoke, vent points, access, victims, hazards, etc.
What are the tactical priorities that are considered to be critical factors because of their inherent importance?
Fire Control
Search
Ventilation
Property Conservation
What does an offensive attack involve?
Deployment and operation of hose lines inside a structure that is deemed tenable
What are the basic components of an offensive operation?
On scene report/ assume command 360 1st line to best postition Assign search Coordinated Vent Ensure water supply 2nd line Consider RIT/Secure utilitites Evaluate progress Adjust and reassign if needed Establish secondary search Salvage and overhaul until fire is out
What is a tactical withdrawal
The orderly removal of all personnel and equipment from the fire building
What is an emergency evacuation?
when crews are ordered out without delay due to eminent danger, and leave their equipment and lines behind if necessary
What will command do to initiate and emergency evacuation?
State on radio “Emergency evacuation, emergency evacuation”
Multiples of 3 horn blasts to be repeated over 30 seconds by units on scene
What will company officers do after exiting following an emergency evacuation?
Let command know they are out and they have a PAR
Preparation for a strategy change on the fire ground can involve what?
Identifying and prioritizing exposures Locating additional water supplies and planning for mutual aid Deployment of exposure lines Establishing additional water supplies Staging mutual aid
In some cases, the most effective tactical analysis involves what?
An evaluation of what is not burning rather than what is actually on fire
Who should conduct a recon on the fire ground?
First arriving company officer upon arrival prior to making entry.
What tool should be used during recon to scan the area and insure firefighter safety?
TIC
When conducting a recon, what four techniques should be used with the TIC?
Look up
Examine floor to check for fire/hazards
Examine area from right to left
Look back, not exit and conditions
What is the preferred method of ventilation?
Horizontal vent because it is safer and sometimes more effective than vertical
What is an OVP
Outside vent person
Where should the exit point for ventilation be?
Near the seat of the fire
Who should ensure an adequate vent point?
OVP
What is possibly the most dangerous task performed by firefighters?
Vertical Vent
When should vertical ventilation be done?
Just prior to “water on the fire”
What is an alternative to removing the fuel of a back draft through ventilation?
Cooling it with water
What form of vertical ventilation puts the vent team out ahead of the path of the fire and at far less risk?
Trenching
When is a trench cut most effective?
When cut on the fire side of a rated, or even a non-rated wall
When must a trench cut be accomplished by?
Within five minutes of the fire
Where are relief cuts in a trench cut at?
a maximum of every 5 feet
What is the systematic search for savable victims?
Primary search
What is a quick search of all affected areas of the incident to remove and/or protect the safety of the occupants?
Primary search
What is to be utilized in situations where traditional search is not possible due to conditions?
VEIS
What radio term reports the completion of the primary search to IC?
“PRIMARY SEARCH ALL CLEAR
‘
Where should primary search begin?
As close to the area of involvement as possible unless information suggesting a likely location of victims is known
When should a medical group be established ot triage , treat, and transport patients?
WHere multiple injured victims are encountered
What is the key to answering the question on whether or not to remove victims from the fire building or to have them shelter in place?
Evaluating the ability of fire personnel to extinguish and the time and resources necessary to evacuate all threatened occupants.
What are the radio terms that are used when announcing decision on what to do with multiple occupants in a fire building?
EVACUATING THE OCCUPANTS
DEFENDING THE OCCUPANTS
If you decided to shelter and do not make progress within several minutes of the attack what should happen?
A holding action combined with smoke control while evacuation of the most threatened occupants begins
In what order should rescue efforts be extended?
Most severely threatened
Largest number
Remainder of fire area
Exposed area
This person will report any information on fire location and extent, report utilities secured, and all other non-urgent potential hazards face to face
Utilities Control
Three duties of utilities control
Secure power by main disconnect
turn off water at meter or at house
Turn off gas if applicable
this involves deployment of hose lines on the outside of the involved structure when the building is judged to be untenable and/or beyond saving due to extent of involvement
Defensive attack
The objective of this attack is to confine the fire to the structure of origin by protecting exposure and by directing high volume streams onto the fire building
Defensive attack
Where should attack lines be during a defensive attack?
Outside of the collapse zone
Where can you engage a secondary search on a defensive operation?
Where the condition of the building will allow
This is a thorough search of the interior of the fire are for victims after initial fire control activities have been completed.
Secondary search
Who should complete a secondary search?
Different company from the primary
What is of utmost importance in a secondary search
Thoroughness
With a 2.5 off of tank water how much time is there approximately for water flow?
3 minutes or less
1.75 off tank water how much time is there approximately for water flow?
5 minutes or less
If no water supply is established on a defensive operation, where should your streams be directed?
At the exposures
Where should you apply your streams on to the fire building during a defensive operation?
On the side with the highest priority exposure
This involves the operation of large streams onto a fire building where there are no strategic goals to be achieved since the structure has already been written off
Surround and drown
This involves efforts to keep property loss to a minimum by protecting contents from smoke and water
Property conservation
As a general rule, who should be assigned to command when operating on a fire scene to prevent information overload of the incident commander?
FIT
What does FIT stand for
Field Incident technician
This is a request for a predefined level of additional resources
Alarm
When command request the closest unit of a specific type
Single Resource Request
when command request a specific type of equipment
Special Resource Request
Pre-designated members of the regional IMT Team that report to the EOC and address resource response and coverage
Area Command
5 pieces of equipment of the same type with a leader and common communications
Strike team
5 pieces of equipment, of different types, with a leader and common communications
Task Force
Any area that is remote in nature and is not serviced by a municipal water supply system
Rural Area
The process of tracking personnel and resources on an incident
Accountability
Acronym used to indicate when the first line pulled should be 2.5” rather than 1.75”
A- advanced fire D- defensive ops U- Unable to locate/extent of fire L- large uncompartmentalized ares T- tons of water S- standpipe op
benchmark given when a primary search has been completed by ff and no one is inside
All Clear
a rapid introduction of air to an oxygen starved fire resulting in an explosion
Backdraft
CAN Report
A verbal update reporting
C- conditions
A- actions
N- needs
The first arriving unit will establish a presence of control dictate actions to mitigate the incident.
Command
How will command be established?
By providing a size up, communicating an initial report, and designating the command utilizing a geographical location. If working with a structure designate the side of the structure the command post is located.
a water supply that has been esptablished by utilizing a pressurized or static water source that is supplying fire ground operations
Continuous water supply
The stage of fire development within a structure characterized by either a decrease in the fuel load or available oxygen to support combustion, resulting in lower temperatures and lower pressure in the fire area
Decay Stage
The process of ensuring the entrance door providing access to the fire area is controlled and closed as much as possible after the search team enters without the protection of a hose line
Door Control
A company comprised of a minimum of three personnel that is assigned to a fire department pumper.
Engine company
The victim is able to move freely within the vehicle, however is unable to self-extricate due to damage to the vehicle.
Entrapment
Used to describe that reports from occupants, neighbors or someone other than firefighter says no one is inside
Everyone out
A transition in the development of a compartment fire when surfaces exposed to thermal radiation from fire gases in excess of 1100 degrees F reach ignition temperature more or less simultaneously
Flashover
The movement of heat and smoke from the higher pressure within the fire area towards the lower pressure areas accessible via doors, window openings and roof structures
Flow Path
A fire in which the heat release rate and fire growth are controlled by the characteristics of the fuel because there is adequate oxygen available for combustion
Fuel Limited Fire
The rate at which energy is generated by the burning of a fuel and oxygen mixture.
Heat Release Rate
What will the initial report include?
A brief description on the incident
A description of the property involved
Initial actions that are being taken
A company comprised of a minimum of three personnel assigned to fire department aerial device
Ladder/Truck Company
The six basic functions of the truck company at structure fires
FE Search and Rescue Laddering Ventilation Overhaul Utilities
What does PAR stand for
Personal Accountability Report
When should a PAR be called
Every 10 minutes or less if conditions warrant
If the mode of operation changes
Significant event has occurred
Term used when the victim is physically pinned in the vehicle due to the structural integrity of the passenger compartment being compromised
Pin-In
A systematic process if collecting information of the conditions found on an emergency scene.
Size-Up
An assessment on whether units can operate within the fire area based on the condition encountered and the impact of these conditions to potential victims and members
Tenability
The approved tactic when entering a structure though an opening to search an area for the location of the fire or to locate possible victims.
VEIS
