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GI II Exam 1 > Gallbladder Path I > Flashcards

Gallbladder Path I Flashcards

1
Q

sphincter of oddi

A

muscle at ampulla of vater

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2
Q

ampulla of vater

A

opening - emptying into duodenum

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3
Q

hartmanns pouch

A

pocket for stone location in gallbaldder

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4
Q

histo of gallbladder

A

single layer of smooth muscle

BM - under epithelial cells

tumor transverse BM - to lymphatics

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5
Q

aberrant location of gallbladder

A

deep in liver

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6
Q

coele

A

latin for cavity or space

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7
Q

cyst

A

abnormal lined closed space with fluid

-speudo - unlined

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8
Q

caroli disease

A

polycystic renal disease

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9
Q

ectasia

A

aneurysm in vasculature

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10
Q

choledochal cyst

A

-of common bile duct**

don’t remove surgically

most common in clinical

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11
Q

choledochocele

A

dilation at opening to duodenum

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12
Q

phyrigian cap

A

no clinical significance - but important to surgeon

infolding at tip of gallbladder

most common anomaly of gallbladder

causes indentation

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13
Q

gallbladder wall

A

very thin

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14
Q

cholelithiasis

A

gallstones

very common

majority don’t know it

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15
Q

risk of gallstones

A

infections - cholecystitis
obstruction
gallbladder cancer - chronic presence
acute pancreatitis

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16
Q

3 types of gallstones

A

cholesterol - most common
black
brown

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17
Q

cholesterol stones

A

majority
-yellow tan appearance

flat edges - long time - rubbing up against eachother

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18
Q

fat, female, fertile, forty

A

cholesterol gallstones

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19
Q

calcium carbonate

A

give hardness to cholesterol stone

and make seeing it on xray easier

20
Q

path of cholesterol stones

A

supersaturation in gallbladder or biliary tree

lithogenic - easier to form stone

hypomotility - leads to sludge - important for stone formation
-thick stuff

-nidus - where stones crystallize on

21
Q

cyst

A

abnormal bile flow - more likely stone formation

22
Q

lumen of gallbladder

A

abnormal - more likely lithogenic bile to form stones

23
Q

sludge

A

in gallbladder

can allow stone formation and bacterial growth

24
Q

accretion of cholesterol

A

stone formation

25
Q

nidus

A

nucleation for cholesterol formation of stone

26
Q

increased cholesterol secretion

A

age, estrogen, obesity

27
Q

pima indians

A

more cholesterol stones

28
Q

crohns disease

A

more cholesterol stones

29
Q

stone formation

A

supersatiration
crystallization - nidus
flow - turbulence
accretion - sludge

biliary tree/gallbladder
-and other organs - kidneys, bladder, prostate, salivary glands, pancreas

30
Q

cholesterolosis

A

accumulation of cholesterol in mucosa of gallbladder

gives white yellow dots with red bkg - strawberry gallbladder

can cause gallbladder pain

31
Q

strawberry gallbladder

A

cholesterolosis diagnosis**

32
Q

black stones

A

polymers of unconjugated bilirubin

usually very small

see on xray

with chronic hemolysis

33
Q

chronic hemolysis

A

black stones

34
Q

brown stones

A

unconjugated bilirubin and cholesterol

with infection - e. coli and liver flukes - c. sinensis**

softer and crumble

don’t see on xray

35
Q

c. sinensis

A

liver fluke - brown stone

36
Q

cholecystitis

A

inflammation of gallbladder

37
Q

choledocholithiasis

A

stones in bile duct

38
Q

gallstone location

A

most formed in gallbladder

  • can get stuck in cystic duct
  • pushed to common bile duct
39
Q

gallstone stuck in cystic duct

A

more stones - stasis

wall of gallbladder - can experience ischemia - induces inflammation - chronic or acute

predisposition to infection**

40
Q

gallstone in common bile duct

A

obstruct bile from gallbladder and from liver

backup behind stone

  • leads to more stone formation
  • jaundice
  • infection
  • cancer
41
Q

ascending cholangitis

A

ascending infection up biliary tree with gallstone

42
Q

gallstone in common hepatopancreatic duct

A

acute pancreatitis can occur

with all the problems in liver and gallbladder

43
Q

gallstone high up in bilary tree

A

abscess and infection

44
Q

acalculous cholecystitis

A

critically ill

hypovolemic shock - ischemia to gallbladder - no stones

45
Q

biliary dyskinesia

A

young women

gallbladder pain due to sphincter of oddi**

pressure gradient to the gallbladder

GI II Exam 1 (29 decks)

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