Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

GI II Exam 1 > Esophagus Path I > Flashcards

Esophagus Path I Flashcards

1
Q

VACTERL association

A 
vertebral anomalies
anal atresia
cardiac defects
TEF/esophageal atresia
renal and radial abnormalities
limb defects

non random birth defects - cause of association unknown

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

salivation, choking, vomiting, cyanosis with feeding

A

TEF - tracheoesophageal fistula

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

polyhydramnios in utero

A

esophageal atresia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

most common congenital esophagus defect

A

blinding ending superior esophagus

fistula of trachea to lower esophagus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

most common intestinal atresia

A

imperforate anus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

pyloric stenosis

A

projectile vomiting 2 to 8 weeks of age

males

hypertrophied smooth m spasm on emptying of stomach

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

hypokalemic hypochloremic metabolic alkalosis

A

with pyloric stenosis - loss of gastric acid

also secondary hyperaldosteronism with hypovolemia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

nipple sign

A

seen with pyloric stenosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

tx of pyloric stenosis

A

cut smooth m. to correct stenosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

double bubble

A

duodenal atresia

and annular pancreas

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

duodenal atresia

A

trisomy 21

majority below ampulla of vater

double bubble

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

low lesion imperforate anus

A

colon close to skin

common in females

anal stenosis or rectum ends in blind pouch

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

high lesion imperforate anus

A

colon higher up in pelvis
-fistula to bladder, urethra, vagina

look for other congenital defects

like VACTERL association

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

anoplasty

A

tx of imperforate anus

-making a new butthole

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

persitant cloaca

A

rectum, vagina, urinary tract joined in single tract/channel

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

diaphragmatic hernia

A

incomplete formation of diaphragm

-with pulmonary hypoplasia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

bochdalek hernia

A

postero-lateral hernia

  • more common
  • majority on left side
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

morgagni hernia

A

anterior defect of hernia

-adjacent to xiphoid of sternum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

diaphragm eventration

A

abnormal displacement of diaphragm

-results in pulmonary hypoplasia and HTN

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

omphalocele

A

outpouching of peritoneum at the umbilicus

-covered by amnion

21
Q

gastroschisis

A

abdominal contents protrude
-no cover by amnion

majority to right of umbilicus

tx- stuff into opening - use gelly band

22
Q

maternal serum alpha-fetoprotein

A

screening for gastroschisis - second trimester of pregnancy

23
Q

ectopic tissue rest

A

congenital anomaly
-presence of gastric or pancreatic tissue

can lead to inflammation, bleeding, scarring, and obstruction

inlet patch** - upper 1/3 esophagus

24
Q

inlet patch

A

island of pink mucosa surrounded by normal white squamous esophagus epithelium

-islant of heterotopic gastric** mucosa - below UES

with ectopic tissue rest

often asymptomatic

rarely - acid - ulceration and dysphagia

also adenocarcinoma risk

often colonized by h pylori

25
Q

meckel diverticulum

A

most common malformation of small bowel
-failure of involution of vitelline duct

antimesenteric - with own blood supply

true diverticulum - all 3 layers of cells

may harbor ectopic tissue - gastric/pancreatic

26
Q

rules of 2s

A

with meckel diverticulum

within 2 feet of ileocecal valve
2 inch length
2 ectopic tissue types
2 years most common age
2:1 male female ration
27
Q

meckel clinical

A

often asymptomatic - silent

symptoms - before age 2 - painless rectal bleeding
-volvulus, intussesception, obstruction

may appear as appendicitis**

28
Q

present like appendicitis

A

meckel diverticulum

29
Q

technetium 99m scan

A

diagnosis of meckels

detects gastric mcosa presence

noninvasive and highly specific/sensitive in kids

not as good in adults

30
Q

meckels diverticulum path

A

proximal vitelline duct failus to regress and involute

-has own blood supply

31
Q

hirschsprung disease

A

megacolon
-lack meissner and auerbach plexuses and ganglion cells

rectum always affected**

receptor kinase susceptibility genes

32
Q

hirschsprung path

A

normal migration of neural crest cells from cecum to rectum during embryogenesis fails

bowel constricts - proximal distension with feces

NO ganglion cells present

33
Q

no passing of stool in newborn

A

hirschsprung

green or brown vomit, explosive stools after finger in rectum - abdominal swelling - gas and blood diarrhea

34
Q

finger in rectum - poo explosion!

A

hirschsprung

35
Q

diagnosis of hirschsprung

A

suction biopsy

lack of ganglion cells

gold standard

36
Q

tx hirschsprung

A

resect part of colon

37
Q

LES

A

physiologic construct

-prevents reflux and regurg of gastric contents

38
Q

glandular mucosa

A

1 cell thick

39
Q

squamous mucosa

A

numerous cells thick

40
Q

odynophagia

A

pain associated with swallowing

41
Q

pyrosis

A

heartburn

42
Q

dysphagia

A

difficulty of discomfort swallowing

43
Q

oropharyngeal dysphagia

A

difficulty transfer** food to esophagus or initiation of swallowing

44
Q

esophageal dysphagia

A

difficulty transport** down esophagus

nutcracker

45
Q

nutcracker esophagus

A

disorder of movement of esophagus

60-70yo

often chest pain - intermittent

46
Q

dx of nutcracker

A

esophageal manometry - motility study

47
Q

motility disorders

A

chest pain or dysphagia

48
Q

steakhouse syndrome

A

sudden obstruction of esophagus - require urgent treatment

GI II Exam 1 (29 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions