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GI II Exam 1 > Esophagus Path II > Flashcards

Esophagus Path II Flashcards

1
Q

esophageal webs

A

thin membranes in midline of upper esophagus

pain and difficult swallowing

congeintal/acquired

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2
Q

plummer vinson syndrome

A

iron deficient anemia - esophageal webs

often progress to SCC of esophagus

also with bullous disease

tx - correct iron deficiency

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3
Q

schatzki ring

A

narrowing of esophagus
-dysphagia

-ring of mucosal tissue

upper - A rings
lower - B rings

seen wit barium swallow

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4
Q

postcricoid dysphagia, esophageal webs, iron deficient anemia

A

triad of plummer vinson

aka paterson-brown-kelly

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5
Q

most common hiatal hernia

A

sliding - GE junction above diaphragm

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6
Q

rolling hiatal hernia

A

part of stomach herniates esophagus hiatus

paraesophageal

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7
Q

hiatal hernia clinical

A

50yo or older

95% sliding

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8
Q

risk fx hiatal hernia

A 
heavy lifting
cough, sneezing, vomiting
pregnancy
constipation
obesity
heredity
soking
cocaine
stress
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9
Q

dull pain in chest, SOB, heart palpitation, dysphagia

A

hiatal hernia

irritate vagal nerve
acid reflux occurs

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10
Q

zenker diverticulum

A

pressure in lower pharynx - weak portion of pharyngeal wall forms diverticulum

cricopharyngeus muscle spasm

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11
Q

killians triangle

A

point of ballooning in zenkers diverticulum

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12
Q

halitosis

A

smelly breath
-with zenker diverticulum

also dysphagia, regurg, feeling of lump in neck, can get food stuck

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13
Q

achalasia

A

incomplete LES relaxation, increased LES tone, aperistalsis of esophagus

risk for SCC

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14
Q

achalasia path

A

failure of smooth m to relax -
-referring to esophagus

failur eof distla esophageal inhibitor neurons during swallowing

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15
Q

chagas disease

A

trypanosoma cruzi

with achalasia**

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16
Q

diagnosis of achalasia

A

manometry and barium swallow

17
Q

heller myotomy

A

cleave of smooth m in tx of achalasia

18
Q

nifedipine

A

sublingual - improves achalasia disease

19
Q

CREST syndrome

A 
calcinosis
raynauds
esophageal dysfunction
sclerodactylyl
telangiectasias

unknown etiology
no tx

anti-Scl 70

lower 2/3 esophagus fibrotic changes**

rubber hose like tube

20
Q

severe retching/vomiting in alcoholics

A

mallory-weiss lacerations

  • not full thickness
  • of esophagus

tx - supportive

cauterize or epi to stop bleeding

21
Q

boerhaave syndrome

A

rupture of esophagus
-excessive vomiting/ eating disorder

full thickness - transmural

air in mediastinum - crepitus

22
Q

majority of esophageal rupture

A

iatrogenic

-endoscopic procedure or feeding tube

23
Q

esophageal varices

A

with portal HTN - alcoholics

also schistosomiasis mansoni or laponicum

massive bleeding can occur

dilated submucosal veins

24
Q

esophagitis

A

lye strictures - suicide attempt

also with infection - candida, herpes, bacterial uncommon

and GERD

25
Q

herpesvirus esophagitis

A

punched out lesion ulcers

26
Q

punched out lesion in esophagus

A

herpesvirus

intranuclear inclusions
-multinucleated cells

27
Q

GERD

A

mucosal damage from stomach acid

tx - PPIs, H2 receptor blockers, antacids

statins - reduce barrets and adenocarcinoma

28
Q

GERD clinical

A

40yo, M, obese
-heartburn, dysphagia

barret mucosa
-long term risk for adenocarcinoma

29
Q

barrets esophagus

A

intestinal metaplasia with GERD

30
Q

eosinophilic esophagitis

A

allergic condition
-dysphagia, heartburn, food impaction

food allergy

dx - reflux not responsive to PPIs of pH rules out GERD

biopsy - eosinos in superficial epithelium - minimum of 14 per high power field

31
Q

NERD

A

non-erosive reflux disease

-thought to have GERD, but don’t respond to PPIs and no erosion present on EGD

32
Q

barret esophagus

A

complication of GERD
->3cm - 30-40x increased risk for aenocarcinoma

squamous metaplasia to glandular - goblet cells**

need biopsy

33
Q

GIST

A

gastrointestinal stromal tumor

malignant in esophagus

34
Q

adenocarcinoma of esophagus

A

more in male
hispanic

HERD and barrets mucosa increase risk

tobacco and obesity

prognosis poor

h. pylori - reduced risk**

35
Q

distal third esophagus

A

common site of adenocarcinoma

36
Q

SCC of esophagus

A

90% of malignant esophageal tumors worldwide

50% in US

age 50

hx of heavy smoking/ethanol

males
AAs

poor prognosis

HPV - high risk regions

37
Q

keratin pearl

A

squamous cell carcinoma

38
Q

middle third esophagus

A

SCC

GI II Exam 1 (29 decks)

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