GA1 - SAQ 6 Flashcards by Dani Russell

elephantitis

protozoal infection
affecting the lymphatic vessels 
obstructs the lymph vessels
no drainage of interstitial fluid
accumulation/edema
enlarged scrotum

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varicocele

enlarged pampiniform veins

bag of worms

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hydrocele

fluid accumulation in tunica vaginalis testis

shine light through, should be luminous

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hematocele

blood accumulation in the scrotum

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inguinal hernia

finger test
indirect - side
direct - tip of finger

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cryptorchidism

hidden testes
failure of testes to descend
inject ACG and if they dont descend = surgery
sterility bc its too warm inside the body for the testes

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Testicular cancer

HCG test - can be a positive marker

AFP test

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testicular torsion

ligament is too loose and cord twists

compromises the blood flow

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benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH

constricting prostatic urethra
prostate rubbery and enlarged - DRE
alpha adrenergic blockers to relax smooth muscles

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prostatic cancer

DRE - lumpy and hard
DRE annually
PSA for males over 50

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prostatitis

gonococcal - ghonnorhea

chlamydia - most common cause for STD

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phimosis

opening of prepuce is too small

hard to retract prepuce

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paraphimosis

forcibly contracted prepuce

edema of glans penis

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priapism

prolonged penile errection
side effects of: viagra, cocaine, sickle-cell anemia
have to aspirate the blood

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erectile dysfunction

have trouble getting the penis hard

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peyronie’s disease

penile fibromatosis
affects the CT
affects bucks fascia
crooked penis

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hypospadias

urethral meatus on the ventral side

associated with chord - exaggerated curve of the penis

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epispadias

urethral meatus on the dorsal side of the penis
corpora cavernosa didnt develop enough, OR
corpus spongiosum developed too muc

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avulsion of the penis

severed penis

yanked out

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carcinoma of the penis

uncommon
almost never encountered in a circumcised male
HPV may also play a role

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infertility of male

antibodies

immune infertility

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oligospermia

sperm count below 20 million/ml

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retroflexion of the uterus

uterus flips over

uterus is pushed posteriorly

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uterine prolapse

weakening of the pelvic floor
uterus drops down into vagina and possibly vestibule
possible surgeries
women with multiple pregnancies more prone to it

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endometriosis interna

endometrium penetrates through myometrium hormonal cycle blood stays in myometrium formation of cysts

endometriosis externa

endometrium travels out to ovary/abdominal cavity | blood in the pelvic cavity and around ovary

chocolate cyst ovary

due to endometriosis externa | blood accumulates around the ovary causing cysts

pelvic inflammatory disease

PID infection in pelvis pelvic cavity isnt closed in females opening from the vagina

ectopic pregnancy

anywhere other than the uterine cavity

cervical cancer

leukoplakia on the swab polluck on the cervix bleeding between menstruations

vaginismus

spasm of the vagina mental - way of prevention sexual intercourse may be difficult can clamp penis

dyspareunia

painful intercourse

episiotomy

surgical cut during labor lateral/median lateral so it doesnt cause rectovaginal fistula easier to sew a cut than a tear

sympathectomy

cut grey rami communicans | like in hyperhydrosis of the sole of the foot

Horner's syndrome

lose sympathetic innervation to the head and neck

anal fistula

abnormal canal between 2 structures | anus with ischioanus fossa = fecal material causing a bacterial abscess

saddle injuries

tear urethra urine in superficial fascia goes around scrotum, penis, and anterior abdominal wall

renal agenesis

failure of 1 or both kidneys to develop due to early degeneration of the ureteric bud failure of the bud and mass to connect

renal cysts

due to improper linkage between collecting and renal tubules

pelvic and horseshoe kidney

close together sometimes the inferior poles fuse together as fetus grows, fails to rise from abdominal cavity bc of inf mesenteric artery and doesnt allow it to go up remains in pelvis

double ureter

two ureters on one side

patent urachus

connection between bladder and umbilicus | urine out the belly button

gonadal agenesis

no gonads

true hermaphroditism

both male and female gonads | 2 kinds of cell populations

pseudohermaphroditism

female - 46 XX with male external genitalia | male - 46 XY with female external genitalia

duplication of uterine canal

bifid uterus

atresia of uterine canal

no uterus

bifid penis/double penis

two penises

micropenis

associated with hypogonadism | adiposogenital syndrome

testes homologue?

ovary

gubernaculum testis homologue

ovarian ligament | round ligament of uterus

penis homologue

clitoris

penoscrotal raphe homologue

labia minora

scrotom homologue

labia majora

urinary bladder homologue

urinary bladder

urethra homologue

urethra

prostatic utricle homologue

vagina

prostate gland homologue

urethra/paraurethral glands

bulbourethral glands (Cowpers) homologue

greater vestibular glands

ovary homologue

testis

ovarian ligament/round ligament of uterus homologue

gubernaculum testis

clitoris homologue

penis

labia minora homologue

penoscrotal raphe

labia majora homologue

scrotom

vagina homologue

vagina

urethra/paraurethral glands homologue

prostate gland

greater vestibular glands homologue

bulbourethral glands | cowpers

androgen insensitivity syndrome

cells dont respond to testosterone | male that is female like bc he cannot have his 2ndary characteristics bc of unrecognition of testosterone