GA1 - SAQ 6 Flashcards
elephantitis
protozoal infection affecting the lymphatic vessels obstructs the lymph vessels no drainage of interstitial fluid accumulation/edema enlarged scrotum
varicocele
enlarged pampiniform veins
bag of worms
hydrocele
fluid accumulation in tunica vaginalis testis
shine light through, should be luminous
hematocele
blood accumulation in the scrotum
inguinal hernia
finger test
indirect - side
direct - tip of finger
cryptorchidism
hidden testes
failure of testes to descend
inject ACG and if they dont descend = surgery
sterility bc its too warm inside the body for the testes
Testicular cancer
HCG test - can be a positive marker
AFP test
testicular torsion
ligament is too loose and cord twists
compromises the blood flow
benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH
constricting prostatic urethra
prostate rubbery and enlarged - DRE
alpha adrenergic blockers to relax smooth muscles
prostatic cancer
DRE - lumpy and hard
DRE annually
PSA for males over 50
prostatitis
gonococcal - ghonnorhea
chlamydia - most common cause for STD
phimosis
opening of prepuce is too small
hard to retract prepuce
paraphimosis
forcibly contracted prepuce
edema of glans penis
priapism
prolonged penile errection
side effects of: viagra, cocaine, sickle-cell anemia
have to aspirate the blood
erectile dysfunction
have trouble getting the penis hard
peyronie’s disease
penile fibromatosis
affects the CT
affects bucks fascia
crooked penis
hypospadias
urethral meatus on the ventral side
associated with chord - exaggerated curve of the penis
epispadias
urethral meatus on the dorsal side of the penis
corpora cavernosa didnt develop enough, OR
corpus spongiosum developed too muc
avulsion of the penis
severed penis
yanked out
carcinoma of the penis
uncommon
almost never encountered in a circumcised male
HPV may also play a role
infertility of male
antibodies
immune infertility
oligospermia
sperm count below 20 million/ml
retroflexion of the uterus
uterus flips over
uterus is pushed posteriorly
uterine prolapse
weakening of the pelvic floor
uterus drops down into vagina and possibly vestibule
possible surgeries
women with multiple pregnancies more prone to it
endometriosis interna
endometrium penetrates through myometrium
hormonal cycle
blood stays in myometrium
formation of cysts
endometriosis externa
endometrium travels out to ovary/abdominal cavity
blood in the pelvic cavity and around ovary
chocolate cyst ovary
due to endometriosis externa
blood accumulates around the ovary causing cysts
pelvic inflammatory disease
PID
infection in pelvis
pelvic cavity isnt closed in females
opening from the vagina
ectopic pregnancy
anywhere other than the uterine cavity
cervical cancer
leukoplakia on the swab
polluck on the cervix
bleeding between menstruations
vaginismus
spasm of the vagina
mental - way of prevention
sexual intercourse may be difficult
can clamp penis
dyspareunia
painful intercourse
episiotomy
surgical cut during labor
lateral/median
lateral so it doesnt cause rectovaginal fistula
easier to sew a cut than a tear
sympathectomy
cut grey rami communicans
like in hyperhydrosis of the sole of the foot
Horner’s syndrome
lose sympathetic innervation to the head and neck
anal fistula
abnormal canal between 2 structures
anus with ischioanus fossa = fecal material causing a bacterial abscess
saddle injuries
tear urethra
urine in superficial fascia
goes around scrotum, penis, and anterior abdominal wall
renal agenesis
failure of 1 or both kidneys to develop due to early degeneration of the ureteric bud
failure of the bud and mass to connect
renal cysts
due to improper linkage between collecting and renal tubules
pelvic and horseshoe kidney
close together
sometimes the inferior poles fuse together
as fetus grows, fails to rise from abdominal cavity bc of inf mesenteric artery and doesnt allow it to go up
remains in pelvis
double ureter
two ureters on one side
patent urachus
connection between bladder and umbilicus
urine out the belly button
gonadal agenesis
no gonads
true hermaphroditism
both male and female gonads
2 kinds of cell populations
pseudohermaphroditism
female - 46 XX with male external genitalia
male - 46 XY with female external genitalia
duplication of uterine canal
bifid uterus
atresia of uterine canal
no uterus
bifid penis/double penis
two penises
micropenis
associated with hypogonadism
adiposogenital syndrome
testes homologue?
ovary
gubernaculum testis homologue
ovarian ligament
round ligament of uterus
penis homologue
clitoris
penoscrotal raphe homologue
labia minora
scrotom homologue
labia majora
urinary bladder homologue
urinary bladder
urethra homologue
urethra
prostatic utricle homologue
vagina
prostate gland homologue
urethra/paraurethral glands
bulbourethral glands (Cowpers) homologue
greater vestibular glands
ovary homologue
testis
ovarian ligament/round ligament of uterus homologue
gubernaculum testis
clitoris homologue
penis
labia minora homologue
penoscrotal raphe
labia majora homologue
scrotom
vagina homologue
vagina
urethra/paraurethral glands homologue
prostate gland
greater vestibular glands homologue
bulbourethral glands
cowpers
androgen insensitivity syndrome
cells dont respond to testosterone
male that is female like bc he cannot have his 2ndary characteristics bc of unrecognition of testosterone
