GA1 - Peripheral Nervous System Flashcards
1
Q
Neuron/ nerve cell
A
A specialized cell capable of transmitting electrical impulses
Primary functional unit of the NS
2
Q
3 parts of a neuron
A
dendrites (branches), cell body/soma, and axon
3
Q
soma contains
A
nucleus and most of cytoplasm
4
Q
2 types of axons
A
myelinated or unmyelinated
5
Q
myelinated
A
enshealthed by Schwann Cells
6
Q
3 types of neurons according to function
A
sensory, motor, and interneuron
7
Q
3 types of neurons according to structure
A
unipolor/pseudounipolar, bipolar, or multipolar
8
Q
sensory neurons
A
afferent: receiving electrical impulse
periphery to cell body
9
Q
motor neurons
A
efferent: away from cell body
10
Q
interneuron
A
go between: can serve as a connection between sensory and motor neurons
11
Q
unipolar neurons
A
1 cytoplasmic process
12
Q
bipolar neuron
A
1 dendrite and 1 axon
seen in sensory organs (eye, retina and hearing)
13
Q
multipolar neuron
A
1 axon and multiple dendrites
lower motor neurons in the ventral horn of the spinal cord
14
Q
CNS contains…
A
brain and spinal cord
15
Q
PNS (functional) 2 types
A
Somatic NS and Visceral NS
16
Q
Somatic NS 2 types
A
Somatic sensory and somatic motor
17
Q
somatic refers to
A
bone, cartilage, tendon, ligaments, muscles, skin
makes up the body wall –> outer shell/skin
18
Q
somatic sensory
A
receiving info from somatic structures
19
Q
somatic motor
A
toward skeletal muscles only
20
Q
visceral NS contains
A
visceral sensory and visceral motor (ANS)
21
Q
visceral motor also called
A
Autonomic NS
22
Q
visceral pertains to
A
heart, lungs, esophagus, and internal organs
23
Q
visceral motor/ANS sends impulses to
A
smooth and cardiac muscles
24
Q
2 types of ganglia (ganglion)
A
spinal and autonomic
25
ganglion is a
collection of nerve cell bodies outside of the CNS
26
ganglion are
encapsulated
27
spinal ganglia are located in the ______ and have what kind of neurons?
dorsal root ganglia/ primary sensory neurons
28
2 types of autonomic ganglia that are located where?
sympathetic and parasympathetic. smooth and cardiac muscle
29
cranial nerves arise from...
brain stem
30
how many pairs of cranial nerves?
12 pairs
31
C1 to C7 exits the spinal column right _____ the corresponding vertebrae
above
32
cervial nerve 8 exits between
C7 and T1
33
below the cervicals nerves exit ____ the corresponding vertebra
below
34
white matter of the spinal cord contain
myelinated axons
35
grey matter is in the shape of
an H or a butterfly
36
grey matter contains
cell bodies and the nucleus
37
dorsal horn has
sensory fibers and interneurons
38
vental horn has
lower motor neurons
39
dorsal root ganglia has ___ and is ____
primary sensory neuron and pseudounipolar
40
ventral horn innervates
skeletal muscles
41
ventral anterior rootlets contain
motor fibers
42
T1-L2 have an extra horn called the
lateral horn
43
grey matter has 2 horns
vental and dorsal
44
preganglionic sympathetic neurons innervate
smooth and cardiac muscles
45
dorsal ramus goes to
skin and deep back muscles
46
dorsal rootlet =
SENSORY
47
ventral roolet =
MOTOR
48
ROOT from
Rootlet
49
RAMUS from
DIRECTLY FROM NERVE
50
Ramus contains
both sensory and motor fibers
51
Root contains
EITHER sensory or motor
52
2 types of somatic fibers
general somatic afferent (sensory) and general somatic efferent (motor)
53
General somatic afferent (sensory)
GSA fibers. ex. pain from ankle sprain
54
General somatic efferent (motor)
GSE fibers. to skeletal muscles.
55
two types of visceral fibers
general visceral afferent (sensory) and general visceral efferent (motor)
56
general visceral afferent (sensory)
GVA. pain from heart. urge to urinate
57
general visceral efferent (motor)
GVE. contraction of urinary bladder. smooth and cardiac muscles. motility of food. GLANDULAR secretion
58
dermatome
dermis. nerve will migrate and carries sensory nerve fiber with it
59
dermatome ex - diaphragm
nerve originated from cervical myotome. nerve fiber from C3, C4, or C5
60
no C1 dermatome =
no sensation to the skin
61
C2 dermatome
back of the head; the highest dermatome of the body
62
C4 dermatome
top part of the shoulder
63
C6 dermatome
thumb
64
C7 dermatome
middle finger
65
C8 dermatome
little finger
66
T4 dermatome
level of the nipples
67
T10 dermatome
level of the umbilicus
68
T12/L1 dermatome
the skin along the inguinal crease
69
L4 dermatome
big toe
70
S1 dermatome
little toe and sole of the foot
71
S4/S5/Co 1 dermatome
the skin around the anus
72
dorsal does not form
a plexus
73
somatic nerve plexus is
a complex interwoven network of nerves formed by vental rami of adjacent spinal nerves
74
cervical plexus
C1-C4
75
brachial plexus
C5-T1
76
brachial plexus provides ____ and ____ innervation to
motor and sensory innervation to the upper extremities
77
lumbar plexus
L1-L4
78
Sacral plexus
L4-S4
79
cervical plexus goes to
the muscles and the skin
80
lumbar plexus provides innervation to
sensory to the thigh region of the lower extremities, genetalia, and motor and sensory to abdominal region
81
sacral plexus innervates
muscles of the gluteal region
82
the largest nerve in the body
Sacroiliac Joint
83
SIJ provides nerve supply to
the rest of the lower extremity that the lumbar region doesnt innervate
84
12 cranial nerves
olfactory, optic, oculomotor, trochlear, trigeminal, abducens, facial, vestibulocochlear, glossopharyngeal, vagus, accessory, and hypoglossal
85
olfactory cranial nerve
smell
86
optic cranial nerve
sight
87
oculomotor cranial nerve
movement of the eye
88
trochlear cranial nerve
movement of the eye
89
trigeminal cranial nerve
muscles of mastication and sensation to the face
90
abducens cranial nerve
abduction of eye ball
91
facial cranial nerve
provide facial expression
92
vesibulocochlear cranial nerve
equilibrium; hearing and balance
93
glossopharyngeal cranial nerve
taste
94
vagus cranial nerve
taste and larynx
95
accessory cranial nerve
SCM and trapezius
96
hypoglossal cranial nerve
tongue, motor innervation to muscle of the tongue
97
mnemonic for cranial nerves
oh oh oh to touch and feel a virgin girls vagina, ah heaven
98
7 fiberss to cranial nerves
GSA, GSE, GVA, GVE, SSA, SVA, SVE
99
special fibers only found in
cranial nerves
100
3 types of special fibers
special somatic afferent, special visceral afferent, special visceral efferent
101
special somatic afferent (SSA) which cranial nerves?
2 and 8
102
special somatic afferent - somatic goes with which senses
vision and hearing
103
special visceral afferent (SVA) which cranial nerves
1, 7, 9, 10
104
special visceral efferent (SVE) which nerves
5, 7, 9, 10
105
special visceral efferent (SVE)
brachial motor, supply skeletal muscles of mastication, facial expression, larynx and pharynx
106
special visceral efferent (SVE) derived from
pharyngeal apparatus, not derived from myotome
107
referred pain
occurs when sensory info comes to the spinal cord, but is interpreted by the CNS as coming from another location innervated by the same spinal cord level
108
2 types of referred pain
viscero-somatic and somato-somatic
109
viscero-somatic referred pain
originated from visceral organ referring pain to a somatic structure. some visceral organs have pain through musculoskeleton
110
somato-somatic referred pain
somatic structure referring pain to another somatic structure
111
reflex arc
a signal conduction route to and from the CNS, with the electrical signal beginning in receptors and ending in effectors. they are automatic responses. sensory direct signals motor
112
two types of reflex arcs
three neuron arc and two neuron arc
113
three neuron arc
most common, consists of an afferent neurons, interneurons and efferent neurons. 2 synapses/polysynapses
114
interneuron
in spinal cord (grey matter) connects dorsal and ventral horn. is the mediator and cross over to maintain posture.
115
two neuron arc
simplest form. consists of afferent and efferent neurons. monosynaptic (1 synapse)
116
Motor Division (ANS) of the Visceral NS consists of
smooth and cardiac muscles and glandualr tissue (sweat and salivary)
117
ANS consists of two subdivisions
parasympathetic and sympathetic
118
cell bodies of preganglionic parasympathetic neurons found in
craniosacral - brainstem, S2-S4
119
2 types of Parasympathetic ganglia
cranial and intramural
120
location of postganglionic neurons in
cranial and intramural ganglia
121
preganglionic and postganlionic neurons will synapse at
ganglia
122
cranial and intramural ganglia found
near or within the target organ
123
cranial ganglia
parasympathetic, in the cranium, 4 pairs
124
4 pairs of cranial ganglia
ciliary, otic, pferygopalatine, submandibular
125
intramural ganglia
parasympathetic, found within the wall of the target organ, thoracic, abdominopelvic
126
function of parasympethic NS
energy conserving. slow down hear, predominant in rest or day to day activity. rest and digest. feed, breed or be.
127
preganglionic fiber of parasympathetic is
LONG
128
postganglionic fiber of parasympathetic is
SHORT
129
preganglionic neuron is
presynaptic
130
postganglionic neuron is
postsynaptic
131
preganglionic sympathetic neuron originate in the
lateral horn of grey matter of spinal cord of thoracolumbar T1-L2
132
Two sympathetic ganglia
paravertebral and prevertebral
133
paravertebral sympathetic ganglia
along side, either side of vertebral column, near the spinal cord, infront of the abdominal aorta, more near the midline
134
preganglionic neuron in the sympathetic NS of the paravertebral ganglia are
SHORT
135
postganglionic neuron in the sympathetic NS of the paravertebral ganglia are
LONG
136
preganglionic neuron in the sympathetic NS of the prevertebral ganglia are
medium in length
137
postganglionic neuron in the sympathetic NS of the prevertebral ganglia are
medium in length
138
function of the sympathetic NS
energy expending. fight, flight, or fright.
139
white rami communicantis
myelinated preganglionic sympathetic
140
gray rami communicantis
unmyelinated postganglionic sympathetic
