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T1- Dani's GA1 > GA1 - Peripheral Nervous System > Flashcards

GA1 - Peripheral Nervous System Flashcards

1
Q

Neuron/ nerve cell

A

A specialized cell capable of transmitting electrical impulses
Primary functional unit of the NS

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2
Q

3 parts of a neuron

A

dendrites (branches), cell body/soma, and axon

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3
Q

soma contains

A

nucleus and most of cytoplasm

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4
Q

2 types of axons

A

myelinated or unmyelinated

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5
Q

myelinated

A

enshealthed by Schwann Cells

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6
Q

3 types of neurons according to function

A

sensory, motor, and interneuron

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7
Q

3 types of neurons according to structure

A

unipolor/pseudounipolar, bipolar, or multipolar

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8
Q

sensory neurons

A

afferent: receiving electrical impulse

periphery to cell body

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9
Q

motor neurons

A

efferent: away from cell body

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10
Q

interneuron

A

go between: can serve as a connection between sensory and motor neurons

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11
Q

unipolar neurons

A

1 cytoplasmic process

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12
Q

bipolar neuron

A

1 dendrite and 1 axon

seen in sensory organs (eye, retina and hearing)

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13
Q

multipolar neuron

A

1 axon and multiple dendrites

lower motor neurons in the ventral horn of the spinal cord

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14
Q

CNS contains…

A

brain and spinal cord

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15
Q

PNS (functional) 2 types

A

Somatic NS and Visceral NS

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16
Q

Somatic NS 2 types

A

Somatic sensory and somatic motor

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17
Q

somatic refers to

A

bone, cartilage, tendon, ligaments, muscles, skin

makes up the body wall –> outer shell/skin

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18
Q

somatic sensory

A

receiving info from somatic structures

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19
Q

somatic motor

A

toward skeletal muscles only

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20
Q

visceral NS contains

A

visceral sensory and visceral motor (ANS)

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21
Q

visceral motor also called

A

Autonomic NS

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22
Q

visceral pertains to

A

heart, lungs, esophagus, and internal organs

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23
Q

visceral motor/ANS sends impulses to

A

smooth and cardiac muscles

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24
Q

2 types of ganglia (ganglion)

A

spinal and autonomic

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25
Q

ganglion is a

A

collection of nerve cell bodies outside of the CNS

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26
Q

ganglion are

A

encapsulated

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27
Q

spinal ganglia are located in the ______ and have what kind of neurons?

A

dorsal root ganglia/ primary sensory neurons

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28
Q

2 types of autonomic ganglia that are located where?

A

sympathetic and parasympathetic. smooth and cardiac muscle

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29
Q

cranial nerves arise from…

A

brain stem

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30
Q

how many pairs of cranial nerves?

A

12 pairs

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31
Q

C1 to C7 exits the spinal column right _____ the corresponding vertebrae

A

above

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32
Q

cervial nerve 8 exits between

A

C7 and T1

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33
Q

below the cervicals nerves exit ____ the corresponding vertebra

A

below

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34
Q

white matter of the spinal cord contain

A

myelinated axons

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35
Q

grey matter is in the shape of

A

an H or a butterfly

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36
Q

grey matter contains

A

cell bodies and the nucleus

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37
Q

dorsal horn has

A

sensory fibers and interneurons

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38
Q

vental horn has

A

lower motor neurons

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39
Q

dorsal root ganglia has ___ and is ____

A

primary sensory neuron and pseudounipolar

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40
Q

ventral horn innervates

A

skeletal muscles

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41
Q

ventral anterior rootlets contain

A

motor fibers

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42
Q

T1-L2 have an extra horn called the

A

lateral horn

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43
Q

grey matter has 2 horns

A

vental and dorsal

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44
Q

preganglionic sympathetic neurons innervate

A

smooth and cardiac muscles

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45
Q

dorsal ramus goes to

A

skin and deep back muscles

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46
Q

dorsal rootlet =

A

SENSORY

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47
Q

ventral roolet =

A

MOTOR

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48
Q

ROOT from

A

Rootlet

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49
Q

RAMUS from

A

DIRECTLY FROM NERVE

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50
Q

Ramus contains

A

both sensory and motor fibers

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51
Q

Root contains

A

EITHER sensory or motor

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52
Q

2 types of somatic fibers

A

general somatic afferent (sensory) and general somatic efferent (motor)

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53
Q

General somatic afferent (sensory)

A

GSA fibers. ex. pain from ankle sprain

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54
Q

General somatic efferent (motor)

A

GSE fibers. to skeletal muscles.

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55
Q

two types of visceral fibers

A

general visceral afferent (sensory) and general visceral efferent (motor)

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56
Q

general visceral afferent (sensory)

A

GVA. pain from heart. urge to urinate

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57
Q

general visceral efferent (motor)

A

GVE. contraction of urinary bladder. smooth and cardiac muscles. motility of food. GLANDULAR secretion

58
Q

dermatome

A

dermis. nerve will migrate and carries sensory nerve fiber with it

59
Q

dermatome ex - diaphragm

A

nerve originated from cervical myotome. nerve fiber from C3, C4, or C5

60
Q

no C1 dermatome =

A

no sensation to the skin

61
Q

C2 dermatome

A

back of the head; the highest dermatome of the body

62
Q

C4 dermatome

A

top part of the shoulder

63
Q

C6 dermatome

A

thumb

64
Q

C7 dermatome

A

middle finger

65
Q

C8 dermatome

A

little finger

66
Q

T4 dermatome

A

level of the nipples

67
Q

T10 dermatome

A

level of the umbilicus

68
Q

T12/L1 dermatome

A

the skin along the inguinal crease

69
Q

L4 dermatome

A

big toe

70
Q

S1 dermatome

A

little toe and sole of the foot

71
Q

S4/S5/Co 1 dermatome

A

the skin around the anus

72
Q

dorsal does not form

A

a plexus

73
Q

somatic nerve plexus is

A

a complex interwoven network of nerves formed by vental rami of adjacent spinal nerves

74
Q

cervical plexus

A

C1-C4

75
Q

brachial plexus

A

C5-T1

76
Q

brachial plexus provides ____ and ____ innervation to

A

motor and sensory innervation to the upper extremities

77
Q

lumbar plexus

A

L1-L4

78
Q

Sacral plexus

A

L4-S4

79
Q

cervical plexus goes to

A

the muscles and the skin

80
Q

lumbar plexus provides innervation to

A

sensory to the thigh region of the lower extremities, genetalia, and motor and sensory to abdominal region

81
Q

sacral plexus innervates

A

muscles of the gluteal region

82
Q

the largest nerve in the body

A

Sacroiliac Joint

83
Q

SIJ provides nerve supply to

A

the rest of the lower extremity that the lumbar region doesnt innervate

84
Q

12 cranial nerves

A

olfactory, optic, oculomotor, trochlear, trigeminal, abducens, facial, vestibulocochlear, glossopharyngeal, vagus, accessory, and hypoglossal

85
Q

olfactory cranial nerve

A

smell

86
Q

optic cranial nerve

A

sight

87
Q

oculomotor cranial nerve

A

movement of the eye

88
Q

trochlear cranial nerve

A

movement of the eye

89
Q

trigeminal cranial nerve

A

muscles of mastication and sensation to the face

90
Q

abducens cranial nerve

A

abduction of eye ball

91
Q

facial cranial nerve

A

provide facial expression

92
Q

vesibulocochlear cranial nerve

A

equilibrium; hearing and balance

93
Q

glossopharyngeal cranial nerve

A

taste

94
Q

vagus cranial nerve

A

taste and larynx

95
Q

accessory cranial nerve

A

SCM and trapezius

96
Q

hypoglossal cranial nerve

A

tongue, motor innervation to muscle of the tongue

97
Q

mnemonic for cranial nerves

A

oh oh oh to touch and feel a virgin girls vagina, ah heaven

98
Q

7 fiberss to cranial nerves

A

GSA, GSE, GVA, GVE, SSA, SVA, SVE

99
Q

special fibers only found in

A

cranial nerves

100
Q

3 types of special fibers

A

special somatic afferent, special visceral afferent, special visceral efferent

101
Q

special somatic afferent (SSA) which cranial nerves?

A

2 and 8

102
Q

special somatic afferent - somatic goes with which senses

A

vision and hearing

103
Q

special visceral afferent (SVA) which cranial nerves

A

1, 7, 9, 10

104
Q

special visceral efferent (SVE) which nerves

A

5, 7, 9, 10

105
Q

special visceral efferent (SVE)

A

brachial motor, supply skeletal muscles of mastication, facial expression, larynx and pharynx

106
Q

special visceral efferent (SVE) derived from

A

pharyngeal apparatus, not derived from myotome

107
Q

referred pain

A

occurs when sensory info comes to the spinal cord, but is interpreted by the CNS as coming from another location innervated by the same spinal cord level

108
Q

2 types of referred pain

A

viscero-somatic and somato-somatic

109
Q

viscero-somatic referred pain

A

originated from visceral organ referring pain to a somatic structure. some visceral organs have pain through musculoskeleton

110
Q

somato-somatic referred pain

A

somatic structure referring pain to another somatic structure

111
Q

reflex arc

A

a signal conduction route to and from the CNS, with the electrical signal beginning in receptors and ending in effectors. they are automatic responses. sensory direct signals motor

112
Q

two types of reflex arcs

A

three neuron arc and two neuron arc

113
Q

three neuron arc

A

most common, consists of an afferent neurons, interneurons and efferent neurons. 2 synapses/polysynapses

114
Q

interneuron

A

in spinal cord (grey matter) connects dorsal and ventral horn. is the mediator and cross over to maintain posture.

115
Q

two neuron arc

A

simplest form. consists of afferent and efferent neurons. monosynaptic (1 synapse)

116
Q

Motor Division (ANS) of the Visceral NS consists of

A

smooth and cardiac muscles and glandualr tissue (sweat and salivary)

117
Q

ANS consists of two subdivisions

A

parasympathetic and sympathetic

118
Q

cell bodies of preganglionic parasympathetic neurons found in

A

craniosacral - brainstem, S2-S4

119
Q

2 types of Parasympathetic ganglia

A

cranial and intramural

120
Q

location of postganglionic neurons in

A

cranial and intramural ganglia

121
Q

preganglionic and postganlionic neurons will synapse at

A

ganglia

122
Q

cranial and intramural ganglia found

A

near or within the target organ

123
Q

cranial ganglia

A

parasympathetic, in the cranium, 4 pairs

124
Q

4 pairs of cranial ganglia

A

ciliary, otic, pferygopalatine, submandibular

125
Q

intramural ganglia

A

parasympathetic, found within the wall of the target organ, thoracic, abdominopelvic

126
Q

function of parasympethic NS

A

energy conserving. slow down hear, predominant in rest or day to day activity. rest and digest. feed, breed or be.

127
Q

preganglionic fiber of parasympathetic is

A

LONG

128
Q

postganglionic fiber of parasympathetic is

A

SHORT

129
Q

preganglionic neuron is

A

presynaptic

130
Q

postganglionic neuron is

A

postsynaptic

131
Q

preganglionic sympathetic neuron originate in the

A

lateral horn of grey matter of spinal cord of thoracolumbar T1-L2

132
Q

Two sympathetic ganglia

A

paravertebral and prevertebral

133
Q

paravertebral sympathetic ganglia

A

along side, either side of vertebral column, near the spinal cord, infront of the abdominal aorta, more near the midline

134
Q

preganglionic neuron in the sympathetic NS of the paravertebral ganglia are

A

SHORT

135
Q

postganglionic neuron in the sympathetic NS of the paravertebral ganglia are

A

LONG

136
Q

preganglionic neuron in the sympathetic NS of the prevertebral ganglia are

A

medium in length

137
Q

postganglionic neuron in the sympathetic NS of the prevertebral ganglia are

A

medium in length

138
Q

function of the sympathetic NS

A

energy expending. fight, flight, or fright.

139
Q

white rami communicantis

A

myelinated preganglionic sympathetic

140
Q

gray rami communicantis

A

unmyelinated postganglionic sympathetic

T1- Dani's GA1 (17 decks)

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