GA1 - intestines Flashcards
1
Q
most of the small intestine is ___peritoneal
A
intra
2
Q
duodenum is ____peritoneal
A
retro
3
Q
small intestine has 3 parts
A
duodenum, jejunum, ileum
4
Q
duodenum is _-shaped about ___in long
A
C
10
5
Q
duodenum has 4 parts
A
superior
descending
inferior
ascending
6
Q
superior duodenum is _in long running ___ and ____ on the right side of __ vertebrae
A
2
upwards
backwards
L1
7
Q
descending duodenum is _in long running ____ ____ along the right side of ___-___ vertebrae
A
3
vertically downward
L1-L3
8
Q
inferior duodenum is _in long running _____ in front of ___ vertebrae
A
3
horizontally
L3
9
Q
ascending duodenum is _in long running ___ and to the ___ and ends at ____ flexure
A
2
upwards
duodenojejunal
10
Q
___ ___/____ ____ increase the absorption area of the duodenum
A
circular folds/plica circularis
11
Q
major duodenal papilla is where the __ ___ ___ and ___ ___ __ come together to drain into the duodenum
A
main pancreatic duct and common bile duct
12
Q
minor duodenal papilla is where the ___ ___ ___ drains into the duodenum
A
accessory pancreatic duct
13
Q
blood supply to the duodenum - 2 arteries
A
superior and inferior pancreatico-duodenal
14
Q
superior pancreatico-duodenal artery is a branch of the
A
gastroduodenal
15
Q
inferior pancreatico-duodenal artery is a branch of the
A
superior mesenteric a
16
Q
superior and inferior pancreatico-duodenal arteries will ___
A
anastomose
17
Q
lymph flow of the duodenum
A
pancreatoduodenal nodes –> celiac nodes –> superior mesenteric nodes –> cystern chyli
18
Q
jejunum and ilium measures __ft long
A
20
19
Q
jejunum and ileum is ____ mobile attached to the posterior abdominal wall by the ____ of the small intestine
A
freely
mesentery
20
Q
jejunum and ileum are __peritoneal
A
iintraperitoneal
21
Q
jejunum is coiled in the ____ ___ part of the peritoneal cavity
A
left upper
22
Q
ileum is in the ___ ___ part of the peritoneal cavity
A
lower right
23
Q
jejunum has a ___ lumen, ___ wall, and ___ than the ileum
A
wider
thicker
redder
24
Q
the jejunum is more ___ than the ileum
A
vascular
25
jejunum has ___ and ___ cirucular folds; ileum has ___ and ___ circular folds
taller
more
shorter
fewer
26
jejunum - mesentery is attached to posterior wall ___ and to the ___ of aorta
above
| left
27
ileum - mesentery is attached ___ and to the ___ of aorta
below
| right
28
jejunum - vessels form ___ arcades with __ long branches; ileum - vessels form ___ arcades with ___ numerous terminal branches
few
few
numerous
short
29
jejunal end of mesentery has ____ deposited in the root area and very ___ amount near intestine
fat
| little
29
ileal end has __ deposited ___ the mesentary
fat
| throughout
30
the root area of jejunum that is attached to the posterior wall is thicker because of the ____ deposited there
fat
30
___ ___ are present in the mucous membrane of the lower ileum along the ___-____ border
peyers patches
| anti-mesenteric
31
the branches from the superior mesenteric arteries come together to form
arcades
31
the branches that come off of the arcades are the terminal branches called ___ ____
vasa recta
32
peyers patches are aggregates of ____ nodules
lymphoid
32
the branches off the superior mesenteric have 2 different names
intestinal branches
| jejunal/ileal
33
blood supply to the small intestine
superior mesenteric
33
venous drainage of the small intestine =
portal system = superor mesenteric v --> portal v.
34
lymph drainage flow
mesenteric nodes --> superior mesenteric nodes --> intestinal lymph trunk --> cisterna chyli
34
mesenteric lymph noes within the ____
mesentary
35
duodenum is innervated by the ____ plexus
celiac
35
ilium and jujenum is innervated by the ___ ___ plexus
superior mesenteric
36
superior mesenteric ganglia surrounds the ___ ___ artery
superior mesenteric
36
superior mesenteric plexus has ___ parasympathetic, ____ symp
preganglionic
| postganglionic
37
pre ganglionic sympathetic from ___ ___ a
lesser splanchnic
37
large intestine extends from the ____ to the ___ about __ft long
ileum
anus
5
38
large intestine divided into 7 parts
```
cecum
appendix
ascending colon
transverse colon
descending colon
sigmoid colon
rectum
anal canal
```
38
3 gross characteristic features of the large intestine
tenia colia
haustrations
epiploical appendages
39
tenia colia
longitudinal muscles
grouped into 3
form into band like structures
39
haustrations
segments of large intestines
haustrum - single
haustra - plural
40
epiploical appendages
fat deposits/protrusions
| surrounded by visceral peritoneum
40
cecum - lies below level of ___ jxn
ileocecal
41
if you draw a line straight across from the bottom of the ileum where it comes into contact with the colon you will get the border for the ____
cecum
41
___-___ pouch located in the right iliac fossa
blind-ended
42
___ attaches to the cecum on its posteromedial side
appendix
42
blood supply to the cecum (2)
anterior and posterior cecal branches of the ileocolic artery
43
ileocolic artery is a branch of the ___ __ a
superior mesenteric
43
lymph drainage flow
mesenteric nodes --> superior mesenteric nodes
44
___ is a narrow muscular tube, 3-5 in long containing a large amount of lymphoid tissue
appendiz
44
appendix contains a lot of ____ tissue
lymphoid
45
appendix lies in the ___ __ fossa and in relation to the anterior abdominal wall, its base is situated beneath the ____ point
McBurney's
45
2 arteries that supply the appendix
appendicular artery
| branch of the posterior cecal artery
46
lymph drainage of the appendix
mesenteric nodes
| superior mesenteric nodes
46
appendix innervated by the ___ ___ plexus
superior mesenteric
47
appendix innervated by afferent fibers for pain enter ___ segment
T10
47
appendix has referred pain to the ____
umbilicus
48
4 signs of appendicitis
pt tenderness at McBurneys point
rebound tenderness
Rouvsing sign
iliopsoas sign
48
rebound tenderness
when you press, the pain goes away, and when you let go, suddenly the patient comes right back
49
Rovsing sign
press on L side and let go they complain of pain on the right
49
iliopsoas sign
appendix right over iliacus
lift R leg and press down
patient will feel pain
50
ascending colon is about _in, extending upward from the ____ to the inferior surface of the __ lobe of the liver
5
cecum
right
50
ascending colon ends at the __ ___ flexure
right colic
51
ascending colon is ___peritoneal
retro
51
blood supply to the ascending by two arteries that are branches of the __ ___ artery
ileocolic
right colic
superior mesenteric
52
ascedning colon is innervated by the __ ___ plexus
superior mesenteric
52
transverse colon is about __in long extednign across the abdomen occupying the __ region
15
| umbilical
53
transverse colon hangs ____ suspended by the ____ ___ and ___ ___ from the anterior surface of ___
downward
transverse mesocolon
greater omentum
pancreas
53
blood supply to the R 2/3 of the transverse colon
middle colic
54
blood supply to the L 1/3 of the transverse colon
left colic
54
middle colic is a branch of the __ __
superior mesenteric
55
left colic a is a branch of the ___ ___
inferior mesenteric
55
nerve supply to the transverse colon is the ___ and ___ ___ plexus
superior and inferior plexus
56
descending colon is about __in long extending from the ___ ___ ___ to the ___ ___
left colic flexure
| pelvic brim
56
descending colon is ____peritoneal
retro
57
blood supply to the descending colon ____ ___ and ___ arteries
left colic
| sigmoidal
57
left colic and sigmoidal are branches of ___ ___
inferior mesenteric
58
nerve supply to the descending aorta
inferior mesenteric plexus
58
inferior mesenteric plexus is derived from ____ ___ ganglia
inferior mesenteric
59
sigmoid colon is __-__in long extending from the __ ___ to the front of ___
10-15
| S3
59
sigmoid colon is attached to posterior abdominal wall by __ ___
sigmoid mesocolon
60
sigmoid colon is ___peritoneal
intra
60
blood supply to the sigmoid colon by ___ __ of the __ __ artery
sigmoid branches
| inferior mesenteric
61
upper sigmoid colon is innervated by ___ ___
inferior mesenteric
61
lower sigmoid colon is innervated by ___ ___
hypogastric plexus
62
rectum is about __in long and begins infront of __ and ends __in in front of tip of ___
5
S3
coccyx
63
rectum has an outer ___ muscle surrounding entire circumference of rectum
longitudinal
64
blood supply to the rectum is by 3 arteries
superior, middle, inferior rectal arteries
65
lymph drainage of the upper half of the rectum
pararectal lymph nodes to inferior mesenteric nodes
66
lymph drainage of the lower half of the rectum
internal iliac lymph nodes
67
nerve supply to the rectum is the ___ ___
hypogastric plexuses
68
rectum is normally ___
empty
69
peristaltic rush of the rectum =
defecation
70
the urge to use the bathroom occurs when the rectum is ____
full
71
anal canal is about ___in long passing downward and backwards from the ___ ___ to the ___
1.5
rectal ampulla
anus
72
anal canal has an _____ smooth muscle internal sphincter and ___ external sphincter
involuntary
| voluntary
73
blood supply to the anal canal 2 arteries
superior and inferior rectal arteries
74
upper half of the anal canal lymph drainage
internal iliac nodes
75
lower half of anal canal lymph drainage
superficial inguinal nodes
76
nerve supply to the upper half of the anal canal
hypogastric plexuses
77
nerve supply to the lower half of the anal canal
inferior rectal nerve and perineal branch of S4 nrve
78
anorectal angle
by the puborectalis muscle
79
dilation of the anal canal
rectal ampulla
80
___ ___: longitudinal ridges at the anorectal junction
anal columns
81
interconnected anal columns =
prevents liquid from oozing out
82
below dentate line epithelium
stratified squamous keratinized by the outside, non-keratinized toward the dentate line
83
above dentate line epithelium
simple columnar
84
superior mesenteric artery gives off 3 arteries
middle colic, right colic, ileocolic
85
inferior mesenteric artery gives off 3 arteries
left colic, sigmoidal, superior rectal
86
internal iliac gives off 2 arteries
middle and inferior rectal artery
87
superior rectal artery supplies upper 1/2 of ___
rectum
88
middle and inferior rectal artery supplies lower 1/2 of ____
rectum
89
9 structures derived from the foregut
```
esophagus
trachea, bronchi, lungs
stomach
upper 2/3 of duodenum
liver, pancreas, gallbladder
```
90
blood supply to the foregut
celiac trunk
91
sympathetic nerve supply to foregut
greater splanchnic; celiac ganglia
92
parasympathetic nerve supply to foregut
Vagus
93
7 structures from midgut
```
lower 1/3 of duodenum
jujenum
ilium
cecum, appendix, ascending colon
R 2/3 of transverse colon
```
94
blood supply to midgut
superior mesenteric artery
95
sympathetic nerve supply to the midgut
lesser splanchnic; least splanchnic; superior mesenteric ganglia
96
parasympathetic nerve supply to the midgut
Vagus
97
blood supply to the rectum is by 3 arteries
superior, middle, inferior rectal arteries
98
lymph drainage of the upper half of the rectum
pararectal lymph nodes to inferior mesenteric nodes
99
lymph drainage of the lower half of the rectum
internal iliac lymph nodes
100
nerve supply to the rectum is the ___ ___
hypogastric plexuses
101
rectum is normally ___
empty
102
peristaltic rush of the rectum =
defecation
103
the urge to use the bathroom occurs when the rectum is ____
full
104
anal canal is about ___in long passing downward and backwards from the ___ ___ to the ___
1.5
rectal ampulla
anus
105
anal canal has an _____ smooth muscle internal sphincter and ___ external sphincter
involuntary
| voluntary
106
blood supply to the anal canal 2 arteries
superior and inferior rectal arteries
107
upper half of the anal canal lymph drainage
internal iliac nodes
108
lower half of anal canal lymph drainage
superficial inguinal nodes
109
nerve supply to the upper half of the anal canal
hypogastric plexuses
110
nerve supply to the lower half of the anal canal
inferior rectal nerve and perineal branch of S4 nrve
111
anorectal angle
by the puborectalis muscle
112
dilation of the anal canal
rectal ampulla
113
___ ___: longitudinal ridges at the anorectal junction
anal columns
114
interconnected anal columns =
prevents liquid from oozing out
115
below dentate line epithelium
stratified squamous keratinized by the outside, non-keratinized toward the dentate line
116
above dentate line epithelium
simple columnar
117
superior mesenteric artery gives off 3 arteries
middle colic, right colic, ileocolic
118
inferior mesenteric artery gives off 3 arteries
left colic, sigmoidal, superior rectal
119
internal iliac gives off 2 arteries
middle and inferior rectal artery
120
superior rectal artery supplies upper 1/2 of ___
rectum
121
middle and inferior rectal artery supplies lower 1/2 of ____
rectum
122
9 structures derived from the foregut
```
esophagus
trachea, bronchi, lungs
stomach
upper 2/3 of duodenum
liver, pancreas, gallbladder
```
123
blood supply to the foregut
celiac trunk
124
sympathetic nerve supply to foregut
greater splanchnic; celiac ganglia
125
parasympathetic nerve supply to foregut
Vagus
126
7 structures from midgut
```
lower 1/3 of duodenum
jujenum
ilium
cecum, appendix, ascending colon
R 2/3 of transverse colon
```
127
blood supply to midgut
superior mesenteric artery
128
sympathetic nerve supply to the midgut
lesser splanchnic; least splanchnic; superior mesenteric ganglia
129
parasympathetic nerve supply to the midgut
Vagus
130
5 structures from hindgut
```
L 1/3 transverse colon
descending colon
sigmoid colon
rectum
upper 1/2 anal canal
```
131
sympathetic innervation to L 1/3 transverse colon, descending colon, and sigmoid colon through ___ ___ and ___ ___
lumbar splanchnic
| inferior mesenteric
132
blood supply to the hindgut, except for lower 1/2 of rectum
inferior mesenteric artery
| middle and inferior rectal a
133
sympathetic innervation for the hindgut
lumbar splanchnic
inferior mesenteric ganglia
sacral splanchnic nerves
inferior hypogastric plexus
134
lumbar splanchnic (L1,L2) synapse at
inferior mesenteric ganglia
135
parasympathetic nerve supply to hindgut
pelvic splanchnic (S2, S3, S4)
