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T1- Dani's GA1 > GA1 - Heart > Flashcards

GA1 - Heart Flashcards

1
Q

Pericardium located in the

A

middle mediastinum

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2
Q

pericardium is ___ to the body of the sternum, 2nd to 6th costal cartilages, and _____ to T5 to T8 vertebrae

A

posterior; anterior

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3
Q

Pericardium is a double-walled ______ sace which encloses the _____ and the root of the _____ ____; _____ in shape

A

fibroserous; heart; great vessels; conical

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4
Q

pericardium is influenced by (4)

A

heart and great vessels, sternum and diaphragm

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5
Q

pericardium is bound by 2 ligaments

A

pericardiacophrenic and sternopericardial

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6
Q

fibrous pericardium

A

outer tough fibrous layer made up of dense irregular CT

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7
Q

serous pericardium

A

parietal layer and visceral layer

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8
Q

parietal layer and visceral layer =

A

epicardium

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9
Q

serous pericardium contains __-__ml of serous fluid

A

5-30

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10
Q

serous fluid used for

A

lubrication

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11
Q

arterial supply to the pericardium (5)

A

branches from the internal thoracic, pericariacophrenic, musculophrenic and inferior phrenic arteries and the thoracic aorta

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12
Q

nerve supply to the pericardium

A

phrenic and vagus nerves, sympathetic trunk

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13
Q

myocardium

A

muscle layer; thicker

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14
Q

endocardium

A

inner lining

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15
Q

visceral pericardium

A

invests the heart itself

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16
Q

pericarditis

A

inflammation of the pericardium

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17
Q

pericardial effusion

A

abnormal amount of pericardial fluid

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18
Q

cardiac tamponade

A

blood collects in the pericardial vacity and as it accumulates, it prevents it from expanding;

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19
Q

cardiac tamponade symptoms

A

prominent neck veins because of loss of venous return, weak pulse, lower BP, muffled sounds, engorged neck pains (dilated)

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20
Q

pericardiocentesis

A

needle to aspirate

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21
Q

what can cause cardiac tamponade?

A

stab wounds, ruptured coronary

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22
Q

base of the heart is

A

posterior

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23
Q

apex

A

left anteriorly and inferiorly; 5th intercostal space within midclavicular line

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24
Q

heart is _____ in shape

A

pyramidal

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25
Q

external surface of the heart

A

sternocostal, diaphragmatic, and pulmonary; base and apex

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26
Q

anterior/sternocostal surface is formed mainly by the

A

right ventricle

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27
Q

left pulmonary surface faces the left lung and consists of the ____ ___ and part of the ___ __

A

left ventricle; left atrium

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28
Q

right pulmonary surface faces the right lung and consists of

A

right atrium

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29
Q

interior/diaphragmatic surface is formed mainly b the ____ ____ and part of ____ ___; it is closely related to the ____ ____ of the diaphragm

A

left ventricle; right ventricle; central tendon

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30
Q

base is the ____ aspect of the heart formed mainly by the ___ ___ faceing the bodies of ____ -______ vertebrae

A

posterior; left atrium; T6-T9

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31
Q

apex is located in the left ___th intercostal space at the midclavicular line and is formed by the inferolateral part of the ____ ____

A

5; left ventricle

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32
Q

inferior border made up of mostly _____ _____ and part of ____ ____

A

right ventricle and part of left ventricle

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33
Q

diahragmatic surface made mostly of _____ _____ and part of ____ _____

A

left ventricle and part of right ventricle

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34
Q

base/posterior surface made of

A

Left atrium

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35
Q

pulmonary veins entering the

A

left atrium

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36
Q

another name for the coronary sulcus

A

atrioventricular sulcus

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37
Q

coronary sulcus/atrioventricular sulcus occupied by the

A

coronary sinus

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38
Q

coronary sinus primarily found in the

A

posterior

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39
Q

marginal branch of the right coronary artery is accompanied by the ____ cardiac vein

A

small

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40
Q

middle cardiac vein drains into the

A

coronary sinus

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41
Q

superior border is formed by the _____ ____ and ____ ____ and _____

A

left atrium and right atrium and auricles

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42
Q

inferior border formed by the ____ ___ and slightly by the ____ ____

A

right ventricle; left ventricle

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43
Q

left border is formed by mainly the _____ ____ and partly by the ____ ____

A

left ventricle; left auricle

44
Q

right border is formed by the _____ ____ and extends from the _____ to _____

A

right atrium; SVC to IVC

45
Q

internal features of right atrium (6)

A

crista terminalis, sinus venarum, pectinate muscles, venous openings, fossa ovalis, tricuspid orifice

46
Q

internal features of left atrium (2)

A

pulmonary veins openings, mitral orifice

47
Q

internal features of right ventricle (6)

A

conus arteriosus (infundibulum), papillary trabeculae carneae, mderator band, chordae tendinae, tricuspid valve

48
Q

sinus venarium

A

openings of the veins

49
Q

“thumb print”

A

fossa ovales

50
Q

in unborn child the fossa ovale

A

foramen ovale, if it doesnt close = patent foramen oval, blood from pulmonary trunk –> ductus arteriosum

51
Q

moderator band

A

ONLY IN RIGHT VENTRICLE

52
Q

wall is a lot thicker in ____ ventricle

A

left

53
Q

right and left coronary artery arise from

A

ascending aorta

54
Q

left coronary artery gives off

A

anterior interventricular and circumflex

55
Q

the left coronary artery supplies the SA nodal branch ___%

A

40

56
Q

right coronary artery supplies the SA nodal artery ___%

A

60

57
Q

right coronary artery gives off

A

right marginal artery, posterior interventricular and marginal

58
Q

anterior interventicular supplies

A

both ventricles and septum

59
Q

circumflex supplies the

A

left atrium and left ventricle

60
Q

posterior interventricular supplies

A

both ventricles

61
Q

marginal supplies

A

right ventricle

62
Q

right coronary artery supplies

A

right atrium, most of right ventricle, part of left ventricle and posterior third of AV septum

63
Q

right coronary artery supplies the AV node ____%

A

80

64
Q

left coronary artery supplies the

A

left atrium, most of left ventricle, part of right ventricle, most of the IV septum, including AV bundle

65
Q

left coronary artery is behing

A

pulmonary trunk

66
Q

2 main branches of left coronary artery

A

circumflex and anterior interventicular

67
Q

marginal branch off of

A

right coronary artery

68
Q

AV nodal artery off of

A

R coronary artery

69
Q

poesterior interventricular off of

A

right coronary artery

70
Q

dominence of coronary arterial system is defined by which artery gives rise to

A

posterior interventricular artery

71
Q

dominence of the ___ ____ ___ is typical

A

right coronary artery

72
Q

___ ___ ____ is dominent 10%

A

left coronary artery

73
Q

codominance of coronary arteries happens ____%

A

15

74
Q

great cardiac vein is accompanied by

A

anterior interventricular artery

75
Q

middle cardiac vein accompanied by the

A

posterior interventricular artery

76
Q

small cardiac vein accompanied by

A

right marginal artery

77
Q

left marginal vein accompanied by

A

left marginal artery

78
Q

left posterior ventricular vein accompanied by

A

left posterior ventricular artery

79
Q

anterior cardiac veins drain directly to ___ ___

A

right atrium

80
Q

vena cordis mini (smallest cardiac veins) drain directly in the

A

atria

81
Q

skeleton of the heart is composed of

A

fibrous or fibrocartilaginous tissue

82
Q

___ ____ that give circular form and rigidity ot the AV orifices and roots of pulmonary trunk and aorta

A

fibrous rings

83
Q

if the outlets become too dilate =

A

valves wont be able to close properly

84
Q

SA node found in

A

subepicardium

85
Q

SA node near opening of

A

SVC

86
Q

SA node at the upper end of the

A

crista terminales

87
Q

SA node is the primary ____ - initiates impulses

A

pacemaker

88
Q

AV node is stimulated by

A

SA Node

89
Q

AV nodes lies in the ____ aspect of the interstitial wall near opening of the ____ ____

A

posterior; coronary sinus

90
Q

AV bundle of his - right goes to

A

right bundle branch

91
Q

AV bundle of his - left goes to

A

left bundle branch

92
Q

purkinje fibers are

A

specialized cardiac muscles

93
Q

__-__x larger than regular cardiac muscles

A

4-5

94
Q

purkinje fibers attach to

A

cardiac muscles

95
Q

purkinje fibers cause

A

contraction of the heart

96
Q

a block between the SA-AV cause an

A

unsynchronized heart beat

97
Q

contributions to the cardiac plexus

A

vagus, thoracic splanchnic and cervical cardiac

98
Q

cardiac plexus of nerves contain

A

pre gg parasymp fibers, vagal afferent fibers, post gg symp fibers, symp afferent fibers

99
Q

pre gg parasymp fibers of cardiac plexus come from

A

vagus

100
Q

vagal afferent fibers concerned with

A

cardiac reflexes

101
Q

cardiac reflexes detect (GVA)

A

chandes in blood pressure and chemical compositon of the blood

102
Q

post gg symp fibers from

A

thoracic splanchnic and cervical cardiac

103
Q

vagal afferent fibers from

A

vagus

104
Q

symp afferent fibers detect

A

ischemic pain (GVA)

105
Q

ischemic

A

pain from lack of blood flow

T1- Dani's GA1 (17 decks)

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