GA1 - Heart Flashcards
Pericardium located in the
middle mediastinum
pericardium is ___ to the body of the sternum, 2nd to 6th costal cartilages, and _____ to T5 to T8 vertebrae
posterior; anterior
Pericardium is a double-walled ______ sace which encloses the _____ and the root of the _____ ____; _____ in shape
fibroserous; heart; great vessels; conical
pericardium is influenced by (4)
heart and great vessels, sternum and diaphragm
pericardium is bound by 2 ligaments
pericardiacophrenic and sternopericardial
fibrous pericardium
outer tough fibrous layer made up of dense irregular CT
serous pericardium
parietal layer and visceral layer
parietal layer and visceral layer =
epicardium
serous pericardium contains __-__ml of serous fluid
5-30
serous fluid used for
lubrication
arterial supply to the pericardium (5)
branches from the internal thoracic, pericariacophrenic, musculophrenic and inferior phrenic arteries and the thoracic aorta
nerve supply to the pericardium
phrenic and vagus nerves, sympathetic trunk
myocardium
muscle layer; thicker
endocardium
inner lining
visceral pericardium
invests the heart itself
pericarditis
inflammation of the pericardium
pericardial effusion
abnormal amount of pericardial fluid
cardiac tamponade
blood collects in the pericardial vacity and as it accumulates, it prevents it from expanding;
cardiac tamponade symptoms
prominent neck veins because of loss of venous return, weak pulse, lower BP, muffled sounds, engorged neck pains (dilated)
pericardiocentesis
needle to aspirate
what can cause cardiac tamponade?
stab wounds, ruptured coronary
base of the heart is
posterior
apex
left anteriorly and inferiorly; 5th intercostal space within midclavicular line
heart is _____ in shape
pyramidal