GA1 - Heart Flashcards
Pericardium located in the
middle mediastinum
pericardium is ___ to the body of the sternum, 2nd to 6th costal cartilages, and _____ to T5 to T8 vertebrae
posterior; anterior
Pericardium is a double-walled ______ sace which encloses the _____ and the root of the _____ ____; _____ in shape
fibroserous; heart; great vessels; conical
pericardium is influenced by (4)
heart and great vessels, sternum and diaphragm
pericardium is bound by 2 ligaments
pericardiacophrenic and sternopericardial
fibrous pericardium
outer tough fibrous layer made up of dense irregular CT
serous pericardium
parietal layer and visceral layer
parietal layer and visceral layer =
epicardium
serous pericardium contains __-__ml of serous fluid
5-30
serous fluid used for
lubrication
arterial supply to the pericardium (5)
branches from the internal thoracic, pericariacophrenic, musculophrenic and inferior phrenic arteries and the thoracic aorta
nerve supply to the pericardium
phrenic and vagus nerves, sympathetic trunk
myocardium
muscle layer; thicker
endocardium
inner lining
visceral pericardium
invests the heart itself
pericarditis
inflammation of the pericardium
pericardial effusion
abnormal amount of pericardial fluid
cardiac tamponade
blood collects in the pericardial vacity and as it accumulates, it prevents it from expanding;
cardiac tamponade symptoms
prominent neck veins because of loss of venous return, weak pulse, lower BP, muffled sounds, engorged neck pains (dilated)
pericardiocentesis
needle to aspirate
what can cause cardiac tamponade?
stab wounds, ruptured coronary
base of the heart is
posterior
apex
left anteriorly and inferiorly; 5th intercostal space within midclavicular line
heart is _____ in shape
pyramidal
external surface of the heart
sternocostal, diaphragmatic, and pulmonary; base and apex
anterior/sternocostal surface is formed mainly by the
right ventricle
left pulmonary surface faces the left lung and consists of the ____ ___ and part of the ___ __
left ventricle; left atrium
right pulmonary surface faces the right lung and consists of
right atrium
interior/diaphragmatic surface is formed mainly b the ____ ____ and part of ____ ___; it is closely related to the ____ ____ of the diaphragm
left ventricle; right ventricle; central tendon
base is the ____ aspect of the heart formed mainly by the ___ ___ faceing the bodies of ____ -______ vertebrae
posterior; left atrium; T6-T9
apex is located in the left ___th intercostal space at the midclavicular line and is formed by the inferolateral part of the ____ ____
5; left ventricle
inferior border made up of mostly _____ _____ and part of ____ ____
right ventricle and part of left ventricle
diahragmatic surface made mostly of _____ _____ and part of ____ _____
left ventricle and part of right ventricle
base/posterior surface made of
Left atrium
pulmonary veins entering the
left atrium
another name for the coronary sulcus
atrioventricular sulcus
coronary sulcus/atrioventricular sulcus occupied by the
coronary sinus
coronary sinus primarily found in the
posterior
marginal branch of the right coronary artery is accompanied by the ____ cardiac vein
small
middle cardiac vein drains into the
coronary sinus
superior border is formed by the _____ ____ and ____ ____ and _____
left atrium and right atrium and auricles
inferior border formed by the ____ ___ and slightly by the ____ ____
right ventricle; left ventricle
left border is formed by mainly the _____ ____ and partly by the ____ ____
left ventricle; left auricle
right border is formed by the _____ ____ and extends from the _____ to _____
right atrium; SVC to IVC
internal features of right atrium (6)
crista terminalis, sinus venarum, pectinate muscles, venous openings, fossa ovalis, tricuspid orifice
internal features of left atrium (2)
pulmonary veins openings, mitral orifice
internal features of right ventricle (6)
conus arteriosus (infundibulum), papillary trabeculae carneae, mderator band, chordae tendinae, tricuspid valve
sinus venarium
openings of the veins
“thumb print”
fossa ovales
in unborn child the fossa ovale
foramen ovale, if it doesnt close = patent foramen oval, blood from pulmonary trunk –> ductus arteriosum
moderator band
ONLY IN RIGHT VENTRICLE
wall is a lot thicker in ____ ventricle
left
right and left coronary artery arise from
ascending aorta
left coronary artery gives off
anterior interventricular and circumflex
the left coronary artery supplies the SA nodal branch ___%
40
right coronary artery supplies the SA nodal artery ___%
60
right coronary artery gives off
right marginal artery, posterior interventricular and marginal
anterior interventicular supplies
both ventricles and septum
circumflex supplies the
left atrium and left ventricle
posterior interventricular supplies
both ventricles
marginal supplies
right ventricle
right coronary artery supplies
right atrium, most of right ventricle, part of left ventricle and posterior third of AV septum
right coronary artery supplies the AV node ____%
80
left coronary artery supplies the
left atrium, most of left ventricle, part of right ventricle, most of the IV septum, including AV bundle
left coronary artery is behing
pulmonary trunk
2 main branches of left coronary artery
circumflex and anterior interventicular
marginal branch off of
right coronary artery
AV nodal artery off of
R coronary artery
poesterior interventricular off of
right coronary artery
dominence of coronary arterial system is defined by which artery gives rise to
posterior interventricular artery
dominence of the ___ ____ ___ is typical
right coronary artery
___ ___ ____ is dominent 10%
left coronary artery
codominance of coronary arteries happens ____%
15
great cardiac vein is accompanied by
anterior interventricular artery
middle cardiac vein accompanied by the
posterior interventricular artery
small cardiac vein accompanied by
right marginal artery
left marginal vein accompanied by
left marginal artery
left posterior ventricular vein accompanied by
left posterior ventricular artery
anterior cardiac veins drain directly to ___ ___
right atrium
vena cordis mini (smallest cardiac veins) drain directly in the
atria
skeleton of the heart is composed of
fibrous or fibrocartilaginous tissue
___ ____ that give circular form and rigidity ot the AV orifices and roots of pulmonary trunk and aorta
fibrous rings
if the outlets become too dilate =
valves wont be able to close properly
SA node found in
subepicardium
SA node near opening of
SVC
SA node at the upper end of the
crista terminales
SA node is the primary ____ - initiates impulses
pacemaker
AV node is stimulated by
SA Node
AV nodes lies in the ____ aspect of the interstitial wall near opening of the ____ ____
posterior; coronary sinus
AV bundle of his - right goes to
right bundle branch
AV bundle of his - left goes to
left bundle branch
purkinje fibers are
specialized cardiac muscles
__-__x larger than regular cardiac muscles
4-5
purkinje fibers attach to
cardiac muscles
purkinje fibers cause
contraction of the heart
a block between the SA-AV cause an
unsynchronized heart beat
contributions to the cardiac plexus
vagus, thoracic splanchnic and cervical cardiac
cardiac plexus of nerves contain
pre gg parasymp fibers, vagal afferent fibers, post gg symp fibers, symp afferent fibers
pre gg parasymp fibers of cardiac plexus come from
vagus
vagal afferent fibers concerned with
cardiac reflexes
cardiac reflexes detect (GVA)
chandes in blood pressure and chemical compositon of the blood
post gg symp fibers from
thoracic splanchnic and cervical cardiac
vagal afferent fibers from
vagus
symp afferent fibers detect
ischemic pain (GVA)
ischemic
pain from lack of blood flow
