GA1 - liver and gallbladder Flashcards
1
Q
largest organ in the body
A
skin
2
Q
liver and gallbladder are both ___peritoneal
A
intra-
3
Q
largest visceral organ in the body
A
liver
4
Q
location of the liver
A
right hypochondrium extending to the left
5
Q
liver is the chief site of ____ ___
A
intermediary metabolism
6
Q
liver secretes ___
A
bile
7
Q
bile helps in the digestion of ___; emulsifies ___
A
fat
fat
8
Q
liver synthesizes ___ proteins and ___
A
serum
lipids
9
Q
serum proteins like ____, ____, ___
A
albumin, fibrinogen, immunoglobulins
10
Q
liver processes ____ and ___ substances
A
endogenous
exogenous
11
Q
endogenous substances are
A
drugs you would take will be detoxified as well as alcohol
12
Q
liver participates in elimination of senescent cells and particulate matter
A
senescent
13
Q
senescent cells are ____ cells
A
aging
14
Q
von culfer cells - ____ cells
A
phagocytic
15
Q
liver in fetal life, it has participated in ___
A
hematopoiesis
16
Q
liver has 2 surfaces
A
diaphragmatic and visceral
17
Q
diaphragmatic surface has 2 recesses
A
subphrenic and hepatorenal
18
Q
livers visceral surface is covered by ___ peritoneum except in the fossa for the ___ and at the ___ ___
A
visceral
gallbladder
porta hepatis
19
Q
liver related to the right anterior part of the ____
A
stomach
20
Q
liver related to the superior part of ___
A
duodenum
21
Q
liver related to the ___ omentum
A
lesser
22
Q
liver related to the right ___ ___
A
colic flexure
23
Q
liver related to the right ___ colon
A
transverse
24
Q
liver related to the right ___ gland and ___
A
suprarenal
kidney
25
anterior there looks like there are only ___ lobes
two
26
structurally caudate and quadrate lobers are part of the ___ lobe but functionally they are part of the ___ lobe
right
| left
27
between caudate and quadrate you will find the fossa/bed for the ____
gallbladder
28
hilum contains 5 things
```
R/L hepatic arteries
R/L hepatic ducts
portal veins
sympathetic and parasympathetic nerve fibers
lymphatics
```
29
2 types of ligaments in the liver
peritoneal and non-peritoneal
30
4 types of peritoneal ligaments in the liver
falciform
coronary
R/L triangular
lesser omentum
31
falciform ligament is ____ and separates the ____ and ___ lobes
anteriorly
| left and right
32
falciform ligament is ____ and runs from the ___ to the ____
wide
diaphragm
umbilicus
33
2 types of non-peritoneal ligaments in the liver
round
| ligamentum venosum
34
round ligament is the reminant of the ____ vein
umbilical
35
round ligament is the inferior free edge of the ___ ligament
falciform
36
what makes the caudate and quadrate functionally part of the left lobe?
blood supply and venous drainage is the same
37
bile for the left lobe, quadrate and caudate will join together to form the __ ___ duct
left hepatic
38
left and right triangular ligaments attaches to the ____; extensions of ____; extend around to form the ___ ligament
diaphragm
peritoneum
coronary
39
coronary ligament attaches to the ____
diaphragm
40
bare area of the liver is not covered by ____ peritoneum; surrounded by the ____ ligament
visceral
| coronary
41
ligamentum teres also called the ____ ligament
round
42
ligamentum teres contains the obliterated ___ vein
umbilical
43
ligamentum teres is the inferior edge of the ___ ligament
fulciform
44
the inferior border is ____; if its rounded, then that means the liver is ____
sharp
| enlarged
45
____ ____ is between the left lobe and caudate
ligamentum venosum
46
____ ____ ___ between caudate and left lobe
inferior vena cava
47
ligament of vena cava holds the ___ ___ in place
vena cava
48
___ ___ between quadrate and left lobe
round ligament/ligamentum teres
49
common bile duct is the union of left and right ___ ___
hepatic duct
50
___ is between quadrate and right lobe
gallbladder
51
left and intermediate hepatic vv. recieve blood from ___ lobe, ___ and ____ and takes deoxygenated blood to the ____ ___ ___
left
caudate
quadrate
inferior vena cava
52
right hepatic v. takes deoxygenated blood from the ___ lobe to the ___ ____ ___
right
| inferior vena cava
53
portal vein carries deoxygenated blood that is rich in ____ from the ___ and ___ to the liver
nutrients
intestines
stomach
54
proper hepatic artery carries ____ blood
oxygenated
55
liver sinusoid are modified ____ that carry blood
capillaries
56
trace the blood flow from portal v. to IVC
portal v --> portal venules --> sinusoids --> central v. --> sublobular --> hepatic v. --> IVC
57
celiac trunk is a ___ artery
short
58
celiac trunk gives off 3 branches (superior, left and right)
```
superior = left gastric a
left = splanchnic a
right = common hepatic a
```
59
common hepatic artery gives off a superior and inferior branch
```
superior = proper hepatic artery
inferior = gastric duodenal artery
```
60
blood supply to the liver
hepatic artery
61
veins of the liver
portal and hepatic `
62
portal v is formed by 2 large veins
splenic v
| superior mesenteric v
63
inferior mesenteric v drains into the ___
splenic
64
inferior mesenteric can sometimes be at the junction of the __ and ___ ___ veins
splenic
| superior mesenteric
65
left gastric v anatomoses with ___ tributaries of the azygous system
esophageal
66
esophageal varicose v
dilated and enlarged veins
67
since the blood is being directed somewhere else. 2 things can happen
varicose v or vv can rupture
68
if the esophageal tributaries rupture it can lead to...
vomiting blood
69
if the esophageal tributaries become varicose vv...
metallic taste, loss of appetite
70
paraumbilical vv anastomose with superficial ___ vv
abdominal
71
paraumbilical vv are along side the ___ ___ ___
ligamentum teres hepatis
72
paraumbilical vv become snake-like =
capitmedusa
73
superior rectal vv anastomose with middle and inferior ____ vv
rectal
74
tributaries of the celiac, superior and inferior mesenteric vv with ___, ___ and ___ vv
renal
phrenic
lumbar
75
ascites
accumulation of peritoneal fluid in the abdominal cavity
76
by the superior rectal vv anastomosing with middle and inferior rectal vv it can cause ___ ___
internal hemorroids
77
liver cirrhosis
liver cells are replaced by fibrous tissue; obstruction of liver sinusoids
78
when there is an obstruction of the liver sinusoids = portal ____
hypertension
79
trace the lymphatic drainage of liver from hepatic nodes to the cisterna chyli
hepatic nodes --> celiac nodes --> cisterna chyli
80
hepatic cephelopathy
uria in the the brain from the liver
81
hepatic cephelopathy caused by 3 things
alcoholism
hepatitis
liver cancer
82
nerve supply to the liver
celiac plexus
83
nerve supply to the liver carries ___ gg parasymp
pre
84
nerve supply to the liver carries __ gg symp
post
85
liver has prevertebral gg = ___ gg
celiac
86
celiac gg around the ___ trunk
celiac
87
vagus nerve carries ___ and ___ ____ to the liver
GVA; pregg parasymp
88
sympathetic n are from
lateral horn of T5-T9
89
sympathetic fibers and vagus carry
GVA
90
umbilical vv carries ___ blood and become ___ ___ ____
oxygenated
| ligamentum teres hepatis
91
ductus venosus is the connection between ___ v and ____ v
umbilical v
| hepatic v
92
ductus venosus becomes __ __ between the caudate and left lobe
ligamentum venosus
93
bile is secreted by the ___ and is stored and concentrated in the ___
liver
| gallbladder
94
biliary system contains 4 things
R/L hepatic ducts
common hepatic duct
gallbladder and cystic duct
common bile duct
95
R/L hepatic duct unite to become
common hepatic duct
96
common hepatic and cystic unite to become
common bile duct
97
common bile duct goes to the ___ portion of the duodenum
2nd
98
main pancreatic duct combines with the ___ ___ ___
common bile duct
99
gallbladder is a ___-___ sac found on the ___ of the liver
pear-shaped
| undersurface
100
gallbladder has a capacity of __-__ml and stores ___
30-50
| bile
101
3 parts to gallbladder
fundus
body
neck
102
fundus of the liver is ___ and projects beyond ___ margin of the liver
rounded
| inferior
103
body of the liver lies in contact with ___ surface of liver
visceral
104
neck of the liver is continuous with the __ duct
cystic
105
gallbladder concentrates ___
bile
106
gallbladder releases bile when stimulated by ___
cholecystokinin
107
blood supply to the gallbladder from ___ artery
cystic
108
nerve supply to the gallbladder from the ___ plexus
celiac
109
cystic duct ___in long
1.5
110
cystic duct is a mucous membrane raised to form a ___ fold
spiral
111
the spiral fold of the cystic duct keeps the lumen ___
patent
112
2nd part of the duodenum causing a protrusion =
major duodenal papilla
113
dilation/opening = hepatopancreatic ampulla which is within the ___ ___ ___
major duodenal papilla
114
surrounding ampulla is a circular smooth muscle =
hepatopancreatic sphincter
115
hepatopancreatic sphincter regulates how much __ goes into the ___
bile
| duodenum
116
if the hepatopancreatic sphincter contracts= __ bile from entering and will run ___ to gallbladder
preventing
| gallbladder
117
hepatomegaly
enlargement of the liver which may be due to metastatic carcinoma or liver cirrhosis
118
jaundice
yellowish discoloration of the skin and sclerae due to hyerbilirubinemia
119
alcoholic cirrhosis
progressive destruction of hepatocytes and replacement of them by fibrous tissue; usually leads to portal hypertension
120
cholelithiasis (gallstones)
crystallization of the bile salts and cholesteral
121
cholelithiasis occurs most in the 5 Fs
female, fat, forties, fertile, flatus gaseous
122
to correct cholelithiasis - 2 ways
laparoscopic cholecystectomy
| ERCP
