GA1 - development of heart and lungs

Question 1

cardiac muscle develops from the ____ mesoderm surrounding the _____ heart ____

Answer 1

splanchnic; endothelial; tube

Question 2

____ adhere to one another by special attachements that later develop into intercalated discs

Answer 2

myoblasts

Question 3

the heart develops from ____

Answer 3

mesoderm

Question 4

heart begins to develop before the end of the ___ week

Answer 4

third

Question 5

heart is in the ventral region of the embryo beneath the ___

Answer 5

foregut

Question 6

a pair of endocardial tubes are formed which then fuse together to form the ___ ___ tube

Answer 6

primitive heart

Question 7

the heart tube develops into 5 regions:

Answer 7

ventricle, bulbus caordis, atrium, sinus venosus and truncus arteriosus

Question 8

the cardiac tube bends and reorients so that the sinus venosus and atrium come to lie ____ to the ventricle, bulbus cordis, and truncus arteriosus

Answer 8

superior

Question 9

contractions of the primitive heart begin by day ___

Answer 9

22

Question 10

by week __, the interatrial septum forms. interventricular septum also forms

Answer 10

7

Question 11

the bulbus cordis and truncus arteriosus divide into the ___ and ____ ___

Answer 11

aorta and pulmonary trunk

Question 12

the _____ and ____ vena cava develop from the venous end of the primitive heart tube

Answer 12

superior and inferior

Question 13

tetralogy of Fallot

Answer 13

consists of pulmonary stenosis, interventricular septal defect, right ventricular hypertrophy, and an overriding aorta

Question 14

patent ductus arteriosus

Answer 14

maternal rubella infection; remnant of sixth aortic arch

Question 15

umbilical artery becomes

Answer 15

medial umbilical ligametn

Question 16

portal veins become

Answer 16

ligamentum teres hepatis

Question 17

ductus venosis becomes

Answer 17

ligamentum venorum

Question 18

80% of baby in utero from R atrium goes to

Answer 18

L atrium

Question 19

20% of baby in utero blood from L atrium goes to ___ ___ –> ___ ___ –> ___ ___

Answer 19

R ventricle –> pulmonary trunk –> ductus arteriosus

Question 20

lower respiratory tract is derived from _____; upper 1/3 ofn primitive gut

Answer 20

foregut

Question 21

trachea and esophagus have a comon origin of ____ ____ ___

Answer 21

tracheoesophageal fistula

Question 22

lower respiratory tract begins as ____ ____ (lung bud)

Answer 22

respiratory diverticulum

Question 23

endodermal lining of the tracheobronchial tree is derived from the ____

Answer 23

forgut

Question 24

the respiratory diverticulum becomes invested by ____ mesoderm as it elongates

Answer 24

splanchnic

Question 25

Pseudoglanduloar period of lung maturation - __ - __ weeks

Answer 25

6-16

Question 26

psudoglandular period resembles an ___ gland

Answer 26

exocrine

Question 27

psudoglandular period - by 16 weeks all major elements of the lung have formed except those involved in ___ ____

Answer 27

gas exchange

Question 28

Canalicular period of lung maturation - ___-___ weeks

Answer 28

16-26

Question 29

canalicular period - lumina of bronchi and terminal bronchioles become _____ and lung tissue becomes highly ____

Answer 29

larger; vascular

Question 30

terminal saccular period of lung maturation - ___ weeks - ____

Answer 30

26 weeks - birth

Question 31

terminal saccular perior - alveolar ducts give rise to ___ ___ (primordial alveoli)

Answer 31

terminal saccules

Question 32

terminal saccules are lined by type __ alveolar cells and type ___ alveolar cells

Answer 32

1 and 2

Question 33

terminal saccular period - sufficient amount of ___ is produced

Answer 33

surfactant

Question 34

surfactant decreases ____ ___

Answer 34

surface tension

Question 35

alveolar period - ___ weeks - __ years

Answer 35

32 weeks - 8 years

Question 36

alveolar period - alveolocapillary membrane becomes sufficiently ___ to allow gas exchange

Answer 36

thin

Question 37

alveolar period - about ___% of mature alveoli develop postnatally

Answer 37

95