Fundamentals of Nutrition Flashcards
What is Hunger?
Mostly internal physiological events that influence our desire to find food to eat; triggered by
innate cues.
What is Appetite?
Mostly external psychological factors that influence our desire to find food to eat, regardless of
hunger.
What is Satiety?
A temporary state where the desire to eat is absent; a feeling of satisfaction.
What are Hormones?
They are chemicasl secreted in the bloodstream by a type of
cell that triggers the action of another type of cell elsewhere
in the body.
Satiety Hormones
- Endorphins
- Cortisol
- Leptin
- Serotonin
- Cholecystokinin
The 6 Factors Affecting Food
Choices
- Food Preferences
It begins early in life as well as having exposure to a wide variety of foods makes us more willing to try new things. - Routines and Habits
It provides security, common
expectations, experiences
and behaviors. - Health and Nutrition
More common among well educated, middle class
professionals; Healthy/beneficial practices. - Advertising
Can be both a promoter or hindrance to healthy eating; manufacturers are focused on making profits. - Economic factors
* Income vs cost of living
A person’s ability to afford or cannot afford particular products may significantly influence an individual’s eating habits. - Social Changes
The areas where families reside, the people who we make contact with at work or at school, as well as food availability, can all have an impact on what we eat.
What is Nutrition?
The science that links food to health and disease; include the processes of human ingestion, digestion, absorption, transportation and excretion.
What is Food?
Materials eaten that contains nutrients
What are Nutrients?
Substances in food that provide us with energy, materials needed for growth, development and optimal function of different parts of our bodies.
What are Essential Nutrients?
They are nutrients that the body cannot produce on its own or it cannot produce in sufficient amount that the body needs to function.
What are Kilocalories?
It is the heat energy required to increase the temperature of 1 liter of water by 1 degree Celsius.
What are the 6 nutrients?
- Carbohydrates
- Protein
- Fats
- Minerals
5.Vitamins - Water
What are Carbohydrates?
This nutrient is the main source of energy that is needed by our bodies.
What are the 2 types of Carbohydrates?
- Simple Carbohydrates: These are the smallest types of Carbohydrates. They are in desserts as well as fruits and dairy.
E.g. Glucose - Complex Carbohydrates: They are longer and larger than simple carbohydrates
They are simple Carbohydrates connected on a long chain to create complex Carbohydrates.
Harder to get energy
E.g. Ground provisions, whole wheat, whole grains.
What is the characteristics of Fats and Oils?
- Fats: Solid at room temperature.
Sources: mostly from animals
E.g.. Butter, lard - Oils: liquid at room temperature.
Sources: mostly from plants
Eg. Olive oil, canola oil
They are insoluble.
What are other 2 energy sources besides Carbohydrates?
- Lipids: Is used as an energy source if Carbohydrates is insufficient.
- Protein: It is used as the last resort for an energy source.
What is Protein good for?
Major building block or structural part of our bodies
Forms a major part of our skin, hair, blood cells, bone
muscle etc.
Animal sources: meat, fish, poultry
Plant sources: beans, peas, nuts, whole grains, some
vegetables
What are Vitamins good for?
Assist carbohydrates, lipids, protein carry out their
functions in the body.
Eg helps extract energy from these other nutrients.
What are the 4 Fat Soluble Vitamins?
A, D, E, & K
Sources: mostly in nuts, seeds, dairy.
What are the 2 Water Soluble Vitamins?
B & C
Sources: Mostly in fruits & vegetables
What are the 3 nutrients we cannot get energy from?
- Minerals
- Water
- Vitamins
The function of Minerals?
It can function in the body on its own.
Works with other structures in the body.
The Function of Water?
Important for:
1. Lubrication of the joints.
2. Transport of other nutrients around the body.
3. For temperature control for organs from elevated heat.
4. Waste elimination
How many cups of Water does a Man and Woman need?
- Men: about 13 cups/day
- Women: about 9 cups/day
Who performed a clinical trial on Sailor men with scurvy in 1747?
James Lind
Who reduced the morality rate of British solders with improved diet and sanitary conditions?
Florence Nightingale in 1854
When was the American Dietetic Association Established?
1917
When was the consensus of how dietetics was spelt ?
1930
When was the American Dietetic Association name was changed to the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics?
2012
