flashcard 9

Question 1

where DKA treated

Answer 1

HDU

Question 2

most common causes primary hyperparathyroidism

Answer 2

• Graves

- toxic multi nodular goitre

Question 3

diagnose:
44 y/o female
signs:
- tachycardia
- twitching 
- warm and sweaty
- loose nails
- raised itchy rash
- hair loss
- weight loss
- increased appetite

Answer 3

Graves

Question 4

acromegaly

Answer 4

hyper secretion of growth hormone

Question 5

signs and symptoms of Cushings disease

Answer 5

• central obesity
• oedema
• pink striae
• hypertension
• skin atrophy
• osteoporosis
• diabetes
• hirtuism
• facial mooning

Question 6

treatment hyperprolactinaemia

Answer 6

dopamine agonists

Question 7

how to test for cranial diabetes insipidus? what would be the result? why?

Answer 7

water deprivation test
patient would dehydrate quickly
insufficient ADH

Question 8

aldosterone

Answer 8

corticosteroid

regulates Na, K, H2O balance @ kidneys

Question 9

Conns syndrome investigations

Answer 9

• K
• imaging of adrenal cortex
• aldosterone
• Na
• renin
• bloods and urine

Question 10

treatment phaechromocytoma

Answer 10

alpha and beta blockers

Question 11

investigations for suspected Addison’s

Answer 11

imaging of adrenal cortex
corticosteroid levels
U+Es
glucose
random cortisol
syncathen test

Question 12

2 different types differentiated thyroid cancers

Answer 12

papillary

follicular

Question 13

describe anaplastic thyroid cancer

Answer 13

<5%

• aggressive
• poor prognosis

Question 14

adenoma

Answer 14

benign tumour of epithelial origin that is derived from glandular tissue

Question 15

agenesis

Answer 15

complete absence of an organ

Question 16

what effect would a secreting pituitary adenoma have

Answer 16

hormone excess and all associated symptoms (e.g. galactorrhoea, Cushings, hypercalcaemia).
if large, also effects associated with a pituitary tumour

Question 17

value indicating hypercalcaemia needs urgent treatment

Answer 17

> 3.5

Question 18

hypocalcaemia symptoms

Answer 18

dry skin
bronchospasm
tetany 
heart failure
seizures
long QT syndrome
dementia
twitching
Parkinsonism

Question 19

severe hypocalcaemia management

Answer 19

MEDICAL EMERGENCY

IV calcium gluconate
treat underlying cause

Question 20

adult:

• low calcium
• high phosphate
• low PTH
• obese

Answer 20

hypoparathyroidism

Question 21

hypercalcaemia management

Answer 21

• IV fluids
• consider dialysis if severe renal failure
• IV biphosphonates
• calcitonin