flashcard 9
where DKA treated
HDU
most common causes primary hyperparathyroidism
- Graves
- toxic multi nodular goitre
diagnose: 44 y/o female signs: - tachycardia - twitching - warm and sweaty - loose nails - raised itchy rash - hair loss - weight loss - increased appetite
Graves
acromegaly
hyper secretion of growth hormone
signs and symptoms of Cushings disease
- central obesity
- oedema
- pink striae
- hypertension
- skin atrophy
- osteoporosis
- diabetes
- hirtuism
- facial mooning
treatment hyperprolactinaemia
dopamine agonists
how to test for cranial diabetes insipidus? what would be the result? why?
water deprivation test
patient would dehydrate quickly
insufficient ADH
aldosterone
corticosteroid
regulates Na, K, H2O balance @ kidneys
Conns syndrome investigations
- K
- imaging of adrenal cortex
- aldosterone
- Na
- renin
- bloods and urine
treatment phaechromocytoma
alpha and beta blockers
investigations for suspected Addison’s
imaging of adrenal cortex corticosteroid levels U+Es glucose random cortisol syncathen test
2 different types differentiated thyroid cancers
papillary
follicular
describe anaplastic thyroid cancer
<5%
- aggressive
- poor prognosis
adenoma
benign tumour of epithelial origin that is derived from glandular tissue
agenesis
complete absence of an organ
what effect would a secreting pituitary adenoma have
hormone excess and all associated symptoms (e.g. galactorrhoea, Cushings, hypercalcaemia).
if large, also effects associated with a pituitary tumour
value indicating hypercalcaemia needs urgent treatment
> 3.5
hypocalcaemia symptoms
dry skin bronchospasm tetany heart failure seizures long QT syndrome dementia twitching Parkinsonism
severe hypocalcaemia management
MEDICAL EMERGENCY
IV calcium gluconate
treat underlying cause
adult:
- low calcium
- high phosphate
- low PTH
- obese
hypoparathyroidism
hypercalcaemia management
- IV fluids
- consider dialysis if severe renal failure
- IV biphosphonates
- calcitonin
