endocrine 14

Question 1

type 1 diabetes symptoms child <5yrs

Answer 1

• polydipsia
• return to wetting bed
• heavier nappies
• blurred vision
• constipation
• recurrent skin infections
• behavioural change
• candidiasis

Question 2

exocrine chemicals

Answer 2

released from exocrine glands via ducts to external environment including GI tract

Question 3

how long does a C-protein coupled receptor take to work

Answer 3

rapid

Question 4

describe what lies beneath a pear shaped person

Answer 4

less visceral fat

lower risk of obesity related problems than apple people

Question 5

what is the genomic effect

Answer 5

triggering either activation or inhibition of gene function within a nucleus

Question 6

what HbA1c result indicated type 2 DM

Answer 6

> 58mmol/l

Question 7

what kind of cells secrete insulin

Answer 7

B cells of endocrine pancreas

Question 8

features of endocrine hormone

Answer 8

travel to and act on a site distal to that of synthesis
exert effects @ low concs
act by binding to specific receptors
often have action terminated by negative feedback control

Question 9

difference between synthesis of steroid hormones compared to other types

Answer 9

steroid hormones are synthesised directly as needed rather than being stored and released

Question 10

where does glucagon mainly act

Answer 10

liver

Question 11

what stimulates insulin secretion

Answer 11

high AAs
high glucose
intake of food

Question 12

what defines amine hormone

Answer 12

all derived from one of two amino acids

Question 13

what are the 2 amino acids amine hormones can be derived from

Answer 13

1. tryptopinan

2. tyrosine

Question 14

what does expanded upper body visceral fat mass lead to

Answer 14

peripheral insulin resistance

Question 15

what is metabolism

Answer 15

integration of all biochemical reactions in the body

Question 16

what is leptin

Answer 16

a peptide hormone released by fat stores which suppresses feeding activity

Question 17

food used by brain and in what situations

Answer 17

glucose - all normal

ketones - in starvation

Question 18

3 elements metabolism

Answer 18

1. extracting energy
2. storing energy
3. utilising energy for work

Question 19

key growth features thyroid hormones influence

Answer 19

1. ossification of cartilage
2. teeth maturation
3. face contours
4. body proportions

Question 20

osteopenia

Answer 20

condition in which bone density is lower than normal, but not as severe as in osteoporosis

Question 21

when can HbA1c not be used for diagnosis

Answer 21

• type 1
• children
• pancreatic damage/ surgery recently
• haemolytic anaemia
• blood transfusion
• pregnancy
• short duration of symptoms
• taking confounding meds
• renal failure

Question 22

what effect does exercise have on skeletal muscles sensitivity to insulin

Answer 22

increases it