Flashcard 11 Neuro

Question 1

what stage of sleep does somnambulism occur in

Answer 1

stage 4 sleep

exclusively non-REM

Question 2

woman presents with not being able to look at her nose. diagnosis? whats affected?

Answer 2

4th nerve palsy
trochlear
superior oblique muscle

Question 3

lacunar stroke investigations

Answer 3

CT/MRI
routine bloods
ECG

Question 4

types of dementia

Answer 4

• vascular
• frontotemporal
• temperoparietal
• Lewy body
• alzheimers
• infective
• toxic
• inflammatory

Question 5

classic meningitis triad

Answer 5

• stiff neck
• altered mental state
• fever

Question 6

normal glucose in a lumbar puncture

Answer 6

60% of [BG]

Question 7

pharmacological dementia treatment

Answer 7

dopamine agonists
melatonin
antipsychotic
antidepressants

Question 8

most common encephalitis cause

Answer 8

herpes simplex virus

Question 9

causes of pus in brain

Answer 9

• penetrating injury
• spread
• blood borne infection
• neuro procedure

Question 10

2 important ABs associated with autoimmune encephalitis

Answer 10

anti-NMDA

anti-VGKC

Question 11

rabies encephalitis - route of infection

Answer 11

tracks from PNS to CNS

Question 12

gabapentin - what kind of drug?

Answer 12

anticonvulsant

Question 13

presentation of brain tumour (general group of symptoms)

Answer 13

• raised ICP symptoms and signs
• focal neurological defecit
• epilepsy
• CSF obstruction

Question 14

most common type of pituitary tumour

Answer 14

adenoma

Question 15

symptoms:

• younger patient
• acute onset back pain
• cervical lumbar radiculopathy

Answer 15

disc prolapse

Question 16

ptosis

Answer 16

upper eyelid drooping

Question 17

diagnose:

• lip smacking
• random noises
• fiddling/ picking @ clothes
• hand rubbing
• chewing and swallowing
• won’t respond to anything
• appear spaced out

Answer 17

complex focal seizure

Question 18

hydrocephalus

Answer 18

excess CSF build up in ventricles of brain

Question 19

myasthenia gravis cause

Answer 19

signalling problem @ NMJ

Question 20

cauda equina syndrome

Answer 20

MEDICAL EMERGENCY

roots of spinal nerves being compressed

Question 21

risk factors for epidural abscess

Answer 21

• IV drugs abuse
• alcoholism
• diabetes
• chronic renal failure

Question 22

treatment epidural abscess

Answer 22

• long term IV antibiotics

- drainage

Question 23

what does this refer to ‘wet, wobbly, wacky’

Answer 23

normal pressure hydrocephalus

Question 24

cervical spondylosis

Answer 24

umbrella term for degenerative change in cervical spine leading to spine and root compression

Question 25

locked in syndrome

Answer 25

paralysed below 3rd nuclei. can only open and close their eyes voluntarily

Question 26

investigations for come without focal or lateralising signs, with meningism

Answer 26

lumbar puncture

CT head

Question 27

symptoms:

• unilateral facial weakness
• LMN type
• often preceded by pain behind the ear
• eye closure affected

Answer 27

bells palsy