endocrine 11 Flashcards
what space occupation problem could pituitary tumours cause
- compression optic chiasma
5 stimuli which can increase insulin release
- high blood glucose
- high amino acids
- glucagon
- hormones controlling GI secretion
- vagal nerve activity
stages through which insulin release is triggered
- high blood glucose
- metabolism increase
- ATP increase
- kATP channels close
- cells depolarise, Ca open
- Ca entry acts as a signal triggering insulin secretion
why does the liver take up glucose in a fed state
insulin activates hexokinase, lowering [BG], creating a gradient favouring glucose movement into cells
aside from negative feedback loops, what are other factors that can control hormone secretion
- neural feedback
- prolonged exposure to high/ low levels
- permissive effects
- antagonistic effects
what connects hypothalamus and pituitary
- capillaries
- stalk called infundibulum
stimuli which inhibit insulin release?
- low blood glucose
- somatostatin
- stress
- sympathetic alpha effects
main mediation of GH secretion
modulation control of GHIH/ GHRH @ hypothalamus
neutropenia
abnormal decrease in number of neutrophils in peripheral blood
how is atherosclerosis accelerated in diabetes mellitus patients
glycosylation
glucose attaches to LDLs, stopping proper binding of LDLs @ liver, LDLs not removed by liver, so stay in blood -> hyperlipidaemia and atherosclerosis
what random venous plasma glucose result would indicate diabetes
> 11.1mmol/l
how is insulin synthesised
large pre hormone -> preproinsulin -> proinsulin
when is infantile phase
0-2yrs
function tropic hormones
govern the release of other hormones
what is function of feeding centre
promotes feelings of hunger and drive to eat
