Flashcard 8 Neuro

Question 1

anti-NMDA autoimmune encephalitis presentation

Answer 1

• flu-like prodrome
• psychiatric features
• seizures
• movement disorders
• coma

Question 2

pus in skull management

Answer 2

• IV antibiotics (penicillin, metronidazole)

- drainage if possible

Question 3

rabies presentation

Answer 3

• N+V
• foaming at the mouth
• paraesthesia @ bite site
• ascending paralysis and encephalitis

Question 4

most likely cause of extra-dural haemorrhage

Answer 4

• trauma to pterion

skull fractures damage MCA

Question 5

bacteria causing tetanus

Answer 5

clostridium tetani

Question 6

investigations coma + lateralising and focal brainstem cerebral signs

Answer 6

• CT/ MRI
• metabolic screens
• Lumbar puncture (IF no evidence of raised ICP)
• EEG

Question 7

how do you differentiate between UMN and LMN facial paralysis

Answer 7

LMN - forehead involved

UMN - forehead spared

Question 8

symptoms:
CONTRALATERAL:
- hemiparesis face/arm/leg
- homonymous hemianopia
- sensory loss
- aphasia

Answer 8

MCA stroke - dominant hemisphere

Question 9

describe cerebral oedema progression

Answer 9

brain swelling that may develop within minutes -> coning. normally death

Question 10

neurosyphilis

Answer 10

CNS infection in a patient with syphilis

Question 11

symptoms:

• flu-like prodrome
• progressive headache
• progressive cerebral impairment
• confusion
• abnormal behaviour
• seizures
• memory disturbance

Answer 11

encephalitis

Question 12

strict criteria TPA usage

Answer 12

• symptoms >1hr, <4.5hrs
• disabling neurological deficit
• consent

Question 13

communicating hydrocephalus

Answer 13

problem with reabsorption of CSF leading to a build uo

Question 14

myasthenia gravis investigations

Answer 14

• bloods

- nerve conduction studies

Question 15

glioblastoma multiforme

Answer 15

• astrocytes
• aggressive
• spreads by tracking through white matter and CSF pathway

Question 16

poliomyelitis cause

Answer 16

• polio

- all enteroviruses

Question 17

symptoms:

• descending symmetrical placid paralysis
• resp failure
• autonomic dysfunction
• pupil dilation

Answer 17

botulism

Question 18

what will also be inflamed in posterior uveitis?

Answer 18

choroid

Question 19

myopia

Answer 19

short sightedness

Question 20

how to manage astigmatism

Answer 20

cylindrical glasses which are curved on only 1 axis

Question 21

what causes narcolepsy

Answer 21

dysfunctional orexin release from hypothalamus

Question 22

if a person had contralateral homonymous hemianopia making lateral of R eye damaged, what side of brain is damaged

Answer 22

left

Question 23

symptoms vit A deficiency

Answer 23

night blindness
corneal ulceration
bitots spots

Question 24

ptosis

Answer 24

drooping of upper eyelid

Question 25

signs of central retinal artery occlusion

Answer 25

• pupil will not constrict in bad eye (and no indirect effect either)
• vessels look tatty
• retina pale and boggy