Flashcard 12 Neuro
Wernicke Encephalopathy
MEDICAL EMERGENCY
causing life-threatening brain disruption, confusion, staggering etc.
followed by Korsakoff syndrome
what happens retinal detachment
outermost 10th layer detaches from inner 9 layers of retina (sometimes due to changes in vitreous humour)
management of orbital cellulitis
- admit
- pus drainage
- IV antibiotics
describe a pseudoseizure
great stress/ psychological issues
normally recall what was happening around them rather than to them during seizure
no organic cause
front tongue bite
syncope/ faint
weakest point of skull
pterion
most common cause of subarachnoid haemorrhage
burst berry aneurysm
patient can’t interpret sounds/ sights
agnosia
agnosia
patient can’t interpret sounds/ sights
communicating hydrocephalus presentation
- cranial sutures fused - increased ICP symptoms
2. Cranial sutures not fused - disproportional increase in head circumference, failure to thrive
how is a traumatic basal SAH caused
forceful impact on upper side of neck causing rapid rotation leading to rupture of vertebro-basilar circulation
diffuse axonal injury
serious rotational forces applied to brain tissue causing shearing of axons
describe a cluster headache
- very severe pain around eye one sided
- associated nausea
- 1-3 months on/ 1 month off
- striking circadian rhythm
best treatment giant cell arteritis
IV cortisone
function carbamazepine
anti-convulsant
e.g.
tonic clonic seizures
trigeminal neuralgia
bipolar disorder
pyridostigmine
anti-cholinesterase drug used in treatment of myasthenia gravis
describe pain associated with paroxysmal hemicrania
severe, clawing like pain on one side of head, normally around eye
throbbing
boring like pain
Parkinsonism
clinical picture characterised by tremor, rigidity, slowness of movement and postural instability
prognosis CNS lymphoma
difficult to treat as normally deep within brain and drugs cannot cross BBB
coning
cerebellum moves inferiorly into foramen magnum
late Parkinsonism treatments
prolong levodopa half life, with continuous infusion
oral dopamine agonist
care package
functional neurosurgery
3 components anterior arterial supply to brain
- 2xACAs
- 2x MCAs
- 2x ICAs
