First Cat Exam Flashcards
1
Q
Function of the skeletal system
A
Support and protection
2
Q
Big bump on the bone
A
Trochanter
3
Q
Medium bump on the bone
A
Tubercle
4
Q
Small bump on the bone
A
Tuberosity
5
Q
Large bump in a joint that is rounded at the end of the bone; usually in pairs
A
Condyle
6
Q
Large bump in a joint that is typically single and larger
A
Head
7
Q
Any opening in a bone; usually arteries, veins, etc go through it
A
Foramen
8
Q
Slit in the bone
A
Fissure
9
Q
Natural body opening or canal; sometimes in bone, sometimes not
A
Meatus
10
Q
Hollow cavity in the bone
A
Sinus
11
Q
Shallow depression in the bone
A
Fossa
12
Q
Types of joints
A
Synarthroses
Amphiarthroses
Diarthroses
13
Q
Joints that don’t move
A
Synarthroses
14
Q
Joints that kind of move
A
Amphiarthroses
15
Q
Freely moveable joints
A
Diarthroses
16
Q
Parts of the cranium
A
Sutures (synarthrosis) Parietal bone Frontal bone Temporal Occipital
17
Q
Joints that connect skull bones
A
Sutures (synarthrosis)
18
Q
Left and right skull bones (2 posterior)
A
Parietal bone
19
Q
Bone of the forehead; starts with two but they fuse together
A
Frontal bone
20
Q
Side bones (bones of the temple)
A
Temporal
21
Q
Bone in the back of the skull; posterior-most bone
A
Occipital
22
Q
Parts of the occipital
A
Occipital protuberance
Foramen magnum
23
Q
Little bump of the occipital bone that sticks out in the back of the skull
A
Occipital protuberance
24
Q
Big hole that the brain stem goes through
A
Foramen magnum
25
Facial bones
Maxillae (maxilla)
| Zygomatic
26
Upper jaw bone (where upper teeth are)
Maxilla
27
Lower bone of your eye (orbit)
Zygomatic
28
Lower jaw bone
Mandible
29
Parts of the mandible
Intermandibular symphysis
| Condyloid process
30
Between the mandibles; where the two jaw bones meet and come together
Intermandibular symphysis
31
process in the TMJ joint
Condyloid process
32
How many cervical vertebrae are in a cat?
7
33
Thoracic vertebrae in cats versus humans
13 in cats; 12 in humans
34
How your ribs attach to your vertebrae
Thoracic vertebrae
35
Parts of the vertebral column
```
Cervical
Thoracic
Lumbar
Sacral
Caudal
```
36
Lower back
Lumbar
37
Lumbar vertebrae in humans vs cats
Humans 5, cats 7
38
3 in cats; fused to form the sacrum
Sacral
39
Up to 23 in cats that form the tail; 3-5 in humans that form the tailbone
Caudal
40
Forms the attachment of the tongue; ventral to larynx; not connected to any other bone
Hyoid
41
Breast bone
Sternum
42
Parts of the sternum
Manubrium
Xiphoid
Costal cartilage
Sternebrae
43
Top part of the sternum (superior end)
Manubrium
44
Inferior end of the sternum
Xiphoid
45
Connects the ribs to the sternum
Costal cartilage
46
Individual bones of the sternum
Sternebrae
47
12 in humans, 13 in cats
Ribs
48
1-9 ribs; attach individually to the sternum
Vertebrosternal
49
10-12 ribs; attach to the sternum as a group; also known as false ribs
Vertebrochondral
50
13 rib; doesn't attach to the sternum
Floating
51
Chest
Pectoral girdle
52
Parts of the pectoral girdle
Clavicle
| Scapula
53
Collarbone
Clavicle
54
Shoulder blade
Scapula
55
Parts of the scapula
```
Glenoid fossa
Acromion process
Scapular spine
Supraspinous fossa
Infraspinous fossa
Subscapular fossa
```
56
Where the head of the humerus articulates with the scapula
Glenoid fossa
57
Largest bump on the scapula of the cat
Acromion process
58
Elevated ridge that runs along the scapula
Scapular spine
59
Fossa above the spine
Supraspinous fossa
60
Fossa below the spine
Infraspinous fossa
61
Deep fossa on the other side
Subscapular fossa
62
Parts of the forelimb
```
Humerus
Radius
Ulna
Carpus
Metacarpals
Phalanges
```
63
Upper forelimb bone
Humerus
64
Medial lower arm bone
Radius
65
Lateral lower arm bone
Ulna
66
Parts of the ulna
Olecranon
Semilunar notch
Coronoid process
Styloid process
67
Pointy elbow part
Olecranon
68
Notch in the proximal end of the ulna
Semilunar notch
69
Pointy bottom part of the semilunar notch
Coronoid process
70
Distal end of the ulna
Styloid process
71
Wrist (made up of carpal bones)
Carpus
72
Long bones in the front paw
Metacarpals
73
Bones of the digits
Phalanges
74
What the front paw is called
Manus
75
Set of 3 bones that are fused
Pelvic girdle
76
What the pelvic girdle is called
Os coxae
77
Top part of the pelvic girdle; wing
Ilium
78
Pointy bottom part of the pelvic girdle; tuberosity
Ischium
79
Where the pubic bones come together; symphysis
Pubis
80
Where things get down your legs
Obturator foramen
81
Hindlimb
```
Femur
Patella
Tibia
Fibula
Tarsus
Metatarsals
```
82
Thigh bone
Femur
83
Parts of the femur
```
Head
Neck
Trochanter
Medial and lateral condyles
Trochanteric fossa
Intercondyloid fossa
```
84
Rounded end that attaches into the hip
Head
85
Head is attached to femur by this
Neck
86
Femur has three of them
Trochanter
87
Rounded ends on the other end of the femur
Medial and lateral condyles
88
Depression between the trochanters
Trochanteric fossa
89
Between the two condyles where the patella sits
Intercondyloid fossa
90
Knee cap
Patella
91
Large shin bone
Tibia
92
Parts of the tibia
Medial and lateral condyles
Tuberosity
Medial malleolus
93
Distal end of the tibia on the medial side
Medial malleolus
94
Parts of the fibula
Head
| Lateral malleolus
95
Proximal end of the tibia on the lateral side
Lateral malleolus
96
Heel bone of the tarsus
Calcaneus
97
Long bones in the back paw
Metatarsals
98
What is the hind paw called?
Pes
99
Divides body / parts of the body into right and left halves
Sagittal
100
Divide into equal right and left halves
Mid-sagittal
101
Plane in humans that cuts the body into upper and lower parts
Transverse
102
Plane of the body in cats that cuts the body into front and back parts
Transverse
103
Plane of the body in humans that divides the body into front and back parts
Frontal
104
Plane of the body in cats that divides the body into upper and lower parts
Frontal
105
Divides the body into an angle
Oblique
106
Towards the head
Cranial
107
Towards the tail
Caudal
108
Towards the nose
Rostral
109
Towards the back
Dorsal
110
Towards the belly
Ventral
111
Towards the midline
Medial
112
Away from the midline; towards the side
Lateral
113
Closer to the attachment to the trunk
Proximal
114
Farther from the attachment to the trunk
Distal
115
Toward the surface
Superficial
116
Away from the surface
Deep
117
Above
Superior
118
Below
Inferior
119
Towards the front
Anterior
120
Towards the back
Posterior
121
Function of the muscular system
Movement
| Generation of heat
122
Types of muscle
Smooth
Cardiac
Skeletal
123
Muscles associated with our internal organs
Smooth muscle
124
Smooth muscle.....
Involuntary
| Also called visceral muscle
125
Only in the heart; combination of smooth and skeletal
Cardiac muscle
126
Cardiac muscle.....
Involuntary
| Has microscopic features
127
Voluntary that is stronger than smooth muscle
Skeletal muscle
128
Skeletal muscle.....
Voluntary
| Striated (has stripes)
129
____ major parts to a muscle
Three
130
Parts of a muscle
Belly
Origin
Insertion
131
Thick, middle part of a muscle
Belly
132
End of the muscle that's attached to the part that doesn't move
Origin
133
End of the muscle that's attached to the bone that does move
Insertion
134
Other structures of muscle
Fascia
Tendon
Aponeurosis
Ligament
135
Broad connective tissue structure
Fascia
136
Connective tissue that attaches muscle to bone
Tendon
137
Broad tendon
Aponeurosis
138
Attached bone to bone
Ligament
139
Muscle shapes
Convergent
Strap
Fan-shaped
140
Converges at both ends
Convergent
141
Do not converge
Strap
142
Converge at one end
Fan-shaped
143
The decrease in the angle of a joint
Flexion
144
Increasing the angle of a joint
Extension
145
Movement away from the body
Abduction
146
Bringing back toward the body
Adduction
147
Movement anteriorly
Protraction
148
Movement posteriorly
Retraction
149
Medial and lateral movement along an axis
Rotation
150
Movement of the palms down / posterior
Pronation
151
Movement of the palms up / anteriorly
Supination
152
The movement of the sole outward
Eversion
153
Movement of the sole inward
Inversion
154
Swinging arm or leg around its attachment
Circumduction
155
Types of muscle based on function
Prime movers
Synergists
Fixators
Antagonists
156
Contract to cause an action; can also be called agonists
Prime movers
157
Contract and stabilize intermediate joints in order to aid the prime movers
Synergists
158
Stabilize the origin of the prime movers; helps the bone not move
Fixators
159
Stretches and yields to the effect of the prime mover; biceps and triceps (when you flex one, the other one relaxes)
Antagonists
