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College Biology > First Cat Exam > Flashcards

First Cat Exam Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Function of the skeletal system

A

Support and protection

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2
Q

Big bump on the bone

A

Trochanter

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3
Q

Medium bump on the bone

A

Tubercle

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4
Q

Small bump on the bone

A

Tuberosity

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5
Q

Large bump in a joint that is rounded at the end of the bone; usually in pairs

A

Condyle

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6
Q

Large bump in a joint that is typically single and larger

A

Head

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7
Q

Any opening in a bone; usually arteries, veins, etc go through it

A

Foramen

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8
Q

Slit in the bone

A

Fissure

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9
Q

Natural body opening or canal; sometimes in bone, sometimes not

A

Meatus

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10
Q

Hollow cavity in the bone

A

Sinus

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11
Q

Shallow depression in the bone

A

Fossa

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12
Q

Types of joints

A

Synarthroses
Amphiarthroses
Diarthroses

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13
Q

Joints that don’t move

A

Synarthroses

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14
Q

Joints that kind of move

A

Amphiarthroses

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15
Q

Freely moveable joints

A

Diarthroses

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16
Q

Parts of the cranium

A 
Sutures (synarthrosis)
Parietal bone
Frontal bone
Temporal
Occipital
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17
Q

Joints that connect skull bones

A

Sutures (synarthrosis)

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18
Q

Left and right skull bones (2 posterior)

A

Parietal bone

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19
Q

Bone of the forehead; starts with two but they fuse together

A

Frontal bone

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20
Q

Side bones (bones of the temple)

A

Temporal

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21
Q

Bone in the back of the skull; posterior-most bone

A

Occipital

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22
Q

Parts of the occipital

A

Occipital protuberance

Foramen magnum

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23
Q

Little bump of the occipital bone that sticks out in the back of the skull

A

Occipital protuberance

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24
Q

Big hole that the brain stem goes through

A

Foramen magnum

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25
Q

Facial bones

A

Maxillae (maxilla)

Zygomatic

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26
Q

Upper jaw bone (where upper teeth are)

A

Maxilla

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27
Q

Lower bone of your eye (orbit)

A

Zygomatic

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28
Q

Lower jaw bone

A

Mandible

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29
Q

Parts of the mandible

A

Intermandibular symphysis

Condyloid process

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30
Q

Between the mandibles; where the two jaw bones meet and come together

A

Intermandibular symphysis

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31
Q

process in the TMJ joint

A

Condyloid process

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32
Q

How many cervical vertebrae are in a cat?

A

7

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33
Q

Thoracic vertebrae in cats versus humans

A

13 in cats; 12 in humans

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34
Q

How your ribs attach to your vertebrae

A

Thoracic vertebrae

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35
Q

Parts of the vertebral column

A 
Cervical
Thoracic
Lumbar
Sacral
Caudal
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36
Q

Lower back

A

Lumbar

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37
Q

Lumbar vertebrae in humans vs cats

A

Humans 5, cats 7

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38
Q

3 in cats; fused to form the sacrum

A

Sacral

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39
Q

Up to 23 in cats that form the tail; 3-5 in humans that form the tailbone

A

Caudal

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40
Q

Forms the attachment of the tongue; ventral to larynx; not connected to any other bone

A

Hyoid

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41
Q

Breast bone

A

Sternum

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42
Q

Parts of the sternum

A

Manubrium
Xiphoid
Costal cartilage
Sternebrae

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43
Q

Top part of the sternum (superior end)

A

Manubrium

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44
Q

Inferior end of the sternum

A

Xiphoid

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45
Q

Connects the ribs to the sternum

A

Costal cartilage

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46
Q

Individual bones of the sternum

A

Sternebrae

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47
Q

12 in humans, 13 in cats

A

Ribs

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48
Q

1-9 ribs; attach individually to the sternum

A

Vertebrosternal

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49
Q

10-12 ribs; attach to the sternum as a group; also known as false ribs

A

Vertebrochondral

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50
Q

13 rib; doesn’t attach to the sternum

A

Floating

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51
Q

Chest

A

Pectoral girdle

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52
Q

Parts of the pectoral girdle

A

Clavicle

Scapula

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53
Q

Collarbone

A

Clavicle

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54
Q

Shoulder blade

A

Scapula

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55
Q

Parts of the scapula

A 
Glenoid fossa
Acromion process
Scapular spine
Supraspinous fossa
Infraspinous fossa
Subscapular fossa
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56
Q

Where the head of the humerus articulates with the scapula

A

Glenoid fossa

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57
Q

Largest bump on the scapula of the cat

A

Acromion process

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58
Q

Elevated ridge that runs along the scapula

A

Scapular spine

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59
Q

Fossa above the spine

A

Supraspinous fossa

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60
Q

Fossa below the spine

A

Infraspinous fossa

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61
Q

Deep fossa on the other side

A

Subscapular fossa

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62
Q

Parts of the forelimb

A 
Humerus
Radius
Ulna
Carpus
Metacarpals
Phalanges
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63
Q

Upper forelimb bone

A

Humerus

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64
Q

Medial lower arm bone

A

Radius

65
Q

Lateral lower arm bone

A

Ulna

66
Q

Parts of the ulna

A

Olecranon
Semilunar notch
Coronoid process
Styloid process

67
Q

Pointy elbow part

A

Olecranon

68
Q

Notch in the proximal end of the ulna

A

Semilunar notch

69
Q

Pointy bottom part of the semilunar notch

A

Coronoid process

70
Q

Distal end of the ulna

A

Styloid process

71
Q

Wrist (made up of carpal bones)

A

Carpus

72
Q

Long bones in the front paw

A

Metacarpals

73
Q

Bones of the digits

A

Phalanges

74
Q

What the front paw is called

A

Manus

75
Q

Set of 3 bones that are fused

A

Pelvic girdle

76
Q

What the pelvic girdle is called

A

Os coxae

77
Q

Top part of the pelvic girdle; wing

A

Ilium

78
Q

Pointy bottom part of the pelvic girdle; tuberosity

A

Ischium

79
Q

Where the pubic bones come together; symphysis

A

Pubis

80
Q

Where things get down your legs

A

Obturator foramen

81
Q

Hindlimb

A 
Femur
Patella
Tibia
Fibula
Tarsus
Metatarsals
82
Q

Thigh bone

A

Femur

83
Q

Parts of the femur

A 
Head
Neck
Trochanter
Medial and lateral condyles
Trochanteric fossa
Intercondyloid fossa
84
Q

Rounded end that attaches into the hip

A

Head

85
Q

Head is attached to femur by this

A

Neck

86
Q

Femur has three of them

A

Trochanter

87
Q

Rounded ends on the other end of the femur

A

Medial and lateral condyles

88
Q

Depression between the trochanters

A

Trochanteric fossa

89
Q

Between the two condyles where the patella sits

A

Intercondyloid fossa

90
Q

Knee cap

A

Patella

91
Q

Large shin bone

A

Tibia

92
Q

Parts of the tibia

A

Medial and lateral condyles
Tuberosity
Medial malleolus

93
Q

Distal end of the tibia on the medial side

A

Medial malleolus

94
Q

Parts of the fibula

A

Head

Lateral malleolus

95
Q

Proximal end of the tibia on the lateral side

A

Lateral malleolus

96
Q

Heel bone of the tarsus

A

Calcaneus

97
Q

Long bones in the back paw

A

Metatarsals

98
Q

What is the hind paw called?

A

Pes

99
Q

Divides body / parts of the body into right and left halves

A

Sagittal

100
Q

Divide into equal right and left halves

A

Mid-sagittal

101
Q

Plane in humans that cuts the body into upper and lower parts

A

Transverse

102
Q

Plane of the body in cats that cuts the body into front and back parts

A

Transverse

103
Q

Plane of the body in humans that divides the body into front and back parts

A

Frontal

104
Q

Plane of the body in cats that divides the body into upper and lower parts

A

Frontal

105
Q

Divides the body into an angle

A

Oblique

106
Q

Towards the head

A

Cranial

107
Q

Towards the tail

A

Caudal

108
Q

Towards the nose

A

Rostral

109
Q

Towards the back

A

Dorsal

110
Q

Towards the belly

A

Ventral

111
Q

Towards the midline

A

Medial

112
Q

Away from the midline; towards the side

A

Lateral

113
Q

Closer to the attachment to the trunk

A

Proximal

114
Q

Farther from the attachment to the trunk

A

Distal

115
Q

Toward the surface

A

Superficial

116
Q

Away from the surface

A

Deep

117
Q

Above

A

Superior

118
Q

Below

A

Inferior

119
Q

Towards the front

A

Anterior

120
Q

Towards the back

A

Posterior

121
Q

Function of the muscular system

A

Movement

Generation of heat

122
Q

Types of muscle

A

Smooth
Cardiac
Skeletal

123
Q

Muscles associated with our internal organs

A

Smooth muscle

124
Q

Smooth muscle…..

A

Involuntary

Also called visceral muscle

125
Q

Only in the heart; combination of smooth and skeletal

A

Cardiac muscle

126
Q

Cardiac muscle…..

A

Involuntary

Has microscopic features

127
Q

Voluntary that is stronger than smooth muscle

A

Skeletal muscle

128
Q

Skeletal muscle…..

A

Voluntary

Striated (has stripes)

129
Q

____ major parts to a muscle

A

Three

130
Q

Parts of a muscle

A

Belly
Origin
Insertion

131
Q

Thick, middle part of a muscle

A

Belly

132
Q

End of the muscle that’s attached to the part that doesn’t move

A

Origin

133
Q

End of the muscle that’s attached to the bone that does move

A

Insertion

134
Q

Other structures of muscle

A

Fascia
Tendon
Aponeurosis
Ligament

135
Q

Broad connective tissue structure

A

Fascia

136
Q

Connective tissue that attaches muscle to bone

A

Tendon

137
Q

Broad tendon

A

Aponeurosis

138
Q

Attached bone to bone

A

Ligament

139
Q

Muscle shapes

A

Convergent
Strap
Fan-shaped

140
Q

Converges at both ends

A

Convergent

141
Q

Do not converge

A

Strap

142
Q

Converge at one end

A

Fan-shaped

143
Q

The decrease in the angle of a joint

A

Flexion

144
Q

Increasing the angle of a joint

A

Extension

145
Q

Movement away from the body

A

Abduction

146
Q

Bringing back toward the body

A

Adduction

147
Q

Movement anteriorly

A

Protraction

148
Q

Movement posteriorly

A

Retraction

149
Q

Medial and lateral movement along an axis

A

Rotation

150
Q

Movement of the palms down / posterior

A

Pronation

151
Q

Movement of the palms up / anteriorly

A

Supination

152
Q

The movement of the sole outward

A

Eversion

153
Q

Movement of the sole inward

A

Inversion

154
Q

Swinging arm or leg around its attachment

A

Circumduction

155
Q

Types of muscle based on function

A

Prime movers
Synergists
Fixators
Antagonists

156
Q

Contract to cause an action; can also be called agonists

A

Prime movers

157
Q

Contract and stabilize intermediate joints in order to aid the prime movers

A

Synergists

158
Q

Stabilize the origin of the prime movers; helps the bone not move

A

Fixators

159
Q

Stretches and yields to the effect of the prime mover; biceps and triceps (when you flex one, the other one relaxes)

A

Antagonists

College Biology (16 decks)

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