Chapter 46 Test Flashcards
Prevailing weather conditions in a region over time
Climate
______ and ______ dictate the climate
Temperature and rainfall
Temperature and rainfall are influenced by _____ factors
Two
What are the two factors that temperature and rainfall are influenced by?
Solar radiation / tilt of the earth
The sun / topography
The tilt of the earth effects temperature and rainfall because it establishes the _____
Seasons
Movement of hot and cold air over the earth affects what ______ is where
Biome
Effect of solar radiation
Air temperature / wind
Physical features of the land
Topography
Physical features of the land
Mountains
Coastal breeze
Lake effect snow
Wet on the west, dry on the east
Rain shadow
Heat from the land is replaced by heat from the water
At night, it’s opposite
Coastal breeze
Arctic air gathers moisture and warms up, causing it to ride on the land, which causes the temperature to cool, causing condensation and snow
Lake effect snow
Annual precipitation of a tundra
6-10 inches (mostly snow)
In a tundra, this is permanently frozen ground
Permafrost
Bird that lives in the tundra
Ptarmigan
In a coniferous forest, this is also known as a boreal forest. It has the most drastic temperature changes
Taiga
Trees with needles in a coniferous forest have…
Waxy coating holds water
Creates wind resistance
Snow falls off easier
Give nutrients back to the tree when they fall off
Tree in a coniferous forest
Hemlock tree
Annual rainfall in a tropical forest
60-160 inches evenly distributed throughout the year
Animal in tropical rainforest that are slow moving and live in the canopy
Sloths
In tropical forests, these plants grow everywhere, but begin their life in the canopy and feed off of air while making their way down the tree
Epiphytes
Grassland found between a tropical forest and a desert
Savanna
Annual precipitation of grasslands
10-20 inches per year
Animal in grassland thats’ laugh can be heard up to 3 miles away
Hyena
Annual rainfall in a desert
Less than 25 cm a year
Plants in a desert that have no leaves, modified stems, and store water
Succulents
Animal in a desert that can jump up to 9 feet to escape prey
Kangaroo rat
Aquatic ecosystems
Freshwater
Saltwater
Brackish
Bodies of water inland
Freshwater
Oceans (marine)
Saltwater
Mixture of fresh and saltwater
Brackish
A lake is an example of _______
Freshwater
Lakes are classified by their ______ ______
Nutrient status
Nutrient-poor
Oligotrophic
Normal nutrients (nutrient-rich)
Eutrophic
Process when you make a nutrient-poor lake into a nutrient-rich lake
Eutrophication
Layers
Stratification
Upper layer of the lake where the warm water is
Epilimnion
Area where the warm upper water meets the cool lower water
Thermocine
Lower layer of the lake where the cool water is
Hypolimnion
Overturning in the fall
Gets cooler so the water on the top gets cooler and sinks to the bottom, getting replaced by the warmer water that was at the bottom
Overturning in the spring
When the top ice thaws, it sinks down and the warmer water comes up
Microscopic organisms that animals feed on
Plankton
Types of plankton
Phytoplankton
Zooplankton
Photosynthetic organisms
Photoplankton
Non-photosynthetic organisms that eat phytoplankton, but are then eaten by other organisms
Zooplankton
Zones of the water
Littoral
Limnetic
Profundal
Benthic
In the shallow water that is closest to shore; plants take root here
Littoral
Sunlit part of the water
Limnetic
Open water where the sunlight does not reach
Profundal
Where soil and water meet at the bottom
Benthic
Nursery of the sea
Estuary
In tropical forest, plant that will grow at the top of the tree and send its vines down and suffocate the tree
Strangler fig
Tropical forest has bengal bamboo that can grow to be ____ feet tall
80
Toucan lives in the _____ _____
Tropical forest
Rain forest organism that functions as a decomposer
Saprophyte
Biome where you find a mutualistic relationship between mycorrhizae fungi and the roots of trees
Coniferous forest
Dung beetle is in ______
Grasslands
Flora in the tundra
Bearberry Arctic willow Arctic moss Caribou moss Diamond leaf willow Labrador tea Pasque flower
Fauna in the tundra
Caribou Reindeer Muskox Arctic fox Swan Polar bear Arctic hare Wolverine Lemming Snow goose Walrus Puffin
Flora of the desert
Brittle bush
Barrel cactus
Opuntia chloritica
Succulents
Fauna in the desert
Dama gazelle
Kangaroo rat
Mountain lion
Flora in the grasslands
Buffalo grass Sunflower Crazy weed Asters Blazing stars Coneflowers Goldenrods Clover Wild indigos
Fauna of the grasslands
Coyotes Eagles Bobcats Gray wolf Wild turkey Fly catcher Canadian geese Crickets Dung beetle Bison Prairie chicken Hyena
Flora of tropical forests
Epiphytes Bromeliads Orchids Bengal bamboo Saprophytes Lianas Strangler fig Buttress roots Creepers
Fauna in tropical forests
Sloths Toucan Boa constrictor Spider monkey Tree snail Rhinoceros beetle Poison arrow frog
