Chapter 6 Test Flashcards
The ability to do work (move matter)
Energy
Stored energy available to do work
Potential energy
Energy of motion
Kinetic energy
Amount of energy required to raise one gram of water one degree Celsius
(14.5—15.5)
calorie
The amount of energy required to raise one kilogram of water one degree Celsius
Calorie
Energy cannot be created nor destroyed, but can be converted to other forms
First Law of Thermodynamics; Law of the Conservation of Energy
When energy is transformed from one form to another, some energy is lost in the form of heat
Second Law of Thermodynamics; Law of Entropy
Tendency toward disorder; all energy transformations head towards disorder
Entropy
The universe’s entropy is always _______
Increasing
The sum of all chemical reactions in a cell
Metabolism
All reactions that are making molecules
Anabolism
All reactions that are breaking things down
Catabolism
When bonds are made, energy is stored. When bonds are broken, energy is released
Reactions
Require input of energy; molecules are being built; product contains more energy than reactants
Endergonic reaction
Molecules are broken down and energy is released
Exergonic reactions
Unit of energy in the cell; required for metabolic functions
ATP
Bond between second and third phosphates in ATP contains just the right amount of ______ to fuel most metabolic reactions
Energy
One reaction often drives another reaction
Coupled reaction
Adding a phosphate to any molecule
Phosphorylation
ATP functions
Chemical work
Transport work
Mechanical work
ATP function that builds
Chemical work
ATP function that deals with moving within the cell, movement of the cell itself, or moving things across the plasma membrane
Transport work
ATP function that deals with the movement of muscles
Mechanical work
catalysts that speed up chemical reactions; usually proteins, do not get permanently changed during the reactions, and they are very specific in what they do
Enzymes