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College Biology > Chapter 3 Test > Flashcards

Chapter 3 Test Flashcards

1
Q

Molecule that contains carbon and hydrogen, and often, oxygen

A

Organic molecule

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2
Q

Short term energy source

A

Carbohydrates

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3
Q

Long term energy source

A

Lipids

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4
Q

Diverse in terms of functions

A

Proteins

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5
Q

DNA and RNA; they are genetic information and are involved in the making of proteins

A

Nucleic acids

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6
Q

Basis for all of the organic molecules because of its 4 valence electrons

A

Carbon atom

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7
Q

A carbon atom is versatile, usually forms _____ bonds, and can bond to ______

A

Covalent; itself

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8
Q

Individual units we put together to form polymers

A

Monomer

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9
Q

When chemical bonds are formed, energy is stored, when chemical bonds are broken, energy is released

A

Monomer >

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10
Q

Form bonds and store energy

A

Monomer > polymer

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11
Q

Break bonds and release energy

A

Polymer > monomer

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12
Q

Monomer > polymer

A

Dehydration synthesis

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13
Q

Polymer > monomer

A

Hydrolysis

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14
Q

Example of a carbohydrate

A

Glucose

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15
Q

In carbohydrates, the monomers are _____ _____

A

Simple sugars

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16
Q

Single simple sugars

A

Monosaccharides

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17
Q

Examples of monosaccharides

A

Glucose (usually extracts energy from glucose)
Galactose
Fructose

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18
Q

Two monosaccharides put together

A

Disaccharides

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19
Q

Examples of disaccharides

A

Sucrose (table sugar)
Lactose (in dairy)
Maltose

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20
Q

Glucose + fructose

A

Sucrose

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21
Q

Glucose + galactose

A

Lactose

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22
Q

Glucose + glucose

A

Maltose

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23
Q

3-100 simple sugars put together

A

Oligosaccharides

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24
Q

After 100 simples sugars (monomers) are put together

A

Complex carbohydrates (polysaccharides)

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25
Most abundant organic molecule; structural carb found in plant cells; EXAMPLE of a polysaccharide
Cellulose
26
Humans cannot digest ______
Cellulose
27
Structural carb in insects; makes up the insects' exoskeletons; used in production of a suture; target for flea control PROGRAM
Chitin
28
In plants, where glucose is stored if they make too much; EXAMPLE
Starch
29
In animals, where glucose is stored (liver, some muscles)
Glycogen
30
The ______ is the storage closet of your body; if not needed quickly, the glucose turns into fat
Liver
31
These do not have a monomer > polymer relationship
Lipids
32
Lipids are _______
Hydrophobic
33
Lipids' main function is long term ______ storage in plants and animals
Energy
34
Glycerol + 3 fatty acids
Triglycerides
35
At room temperature, they are solid; increases chance of heart disease
Saturated fat
36
At least one double bond; causes chains to bend; liquid at room temperature
Unsaturated fat
37
Partially hydrogenated to make them solid at room temperature
Trans fat
38
Phospholipids In one molecule, part of it is hydrophilic and the other part is hydrophobic
Amphipathic
39
Phospholipids have a _____, polar phosphate head and a _____, nonpolar fatty acid tail
Hydrophilic; hydrophobic
40
Phospholipids form ______
Bilateral
41
Major component of the _____ membrane is that heads will face away and tails with face towards each other
Plasma
42
4 interconnected carbon rings
Steroids
43
Building block of other steroids; found in plasma membrane
Cholesterol
44
EXAMPLES of steroids
Vitamin B, cortisone, waterhen, testosterone, cholesterol
45
Fatty acids combined with an alcohol or s different carbohydrate
Waxes
46
EXAMPLE of a wax
Aloe plants
47
Shape is the most important thing
Proteins
48
Most diverse in structure; used for short term energy, usually
Proteins
49
Sum of all chemical reactions in a cell of organism
Metabolism
50
Proteins that speed up chemical reactions (most important metabolic)
Enzymes
51
PROTEIN USES
``` Metabolism Support / structure Transport Defense Regulation Motion ```
52
``` Keratin = skin, hair, nails Collagen = tendons, cartilage ```
Support / structure
53
Proteins go across plasma membranes and move things throughout the body
Transport
54
Protein in your blood which oxygen binds to; important for transport
Hemoglobin
55
Proteins fight invaders of your body; antibodies (fighters)
Defense
56
Hormones are made in one place but can act in other places; can stimulate and inhibit the production of things
Regulation
57
Muscles (protein) | Contraction of muscles and cell movement
Motion
58
The monomers in proteins = _____ _____
Amino acids
59
There are only ____ amino acids in the body; 8 are essential for the body
20
60
Bond between an amino acid (less than 100)
Peptide bond
61
Bond between 2 amino acids
Dipeptide bond
62
Bonds greater than 100 amino acids
Polypeptide bond
63
Amino acid sequence
Primary level of protein structure
64
How it folds in certain areas of the protein
Secondary level of protein structure
65
Spiral shaped fold
Alpha helix
66
Pleated sheet shaped cold
Beta helix
67
Overall shape of the protein (3D); determined by its interaction with water
Tertiary
68
Interaction between different polypeptides of the same protein
Quaternary
69
Change in the shape of a protein such that it no longer functions; can be reversible, but is usually not
Desaturation
70
EXAMPLES of denaturation
Change in temperature | Change in pH
71
In nucleic acids, monomers = ______
Nucleotides
72
Nucleotides
Sugar Phosphate Base
73
Two types of nucleotides
DNA & RNA
74
Sugar in DNA
Deoxyribose
75
Sugar in RNA
Ribose
76
Bases in DNA
Adenine Guanine Cytosine Thymine
77
Bases in RNA
Adenine Guanine Cytosine Uracil
78
Structure in DNA
Double helix
79
Structure in RNA
Single stranded
80
Functions in DNA
Contains genetic material for the cell
81
Functions in RNA
Reads the DNA code and helps make proteins
82
Energy unit of the cell; you would shut down if you didn't have this
Adenosine triphosphate
83
Must make ___ ______ ATP molecules per minute just to stay alive
2 billion
84
ADP + P = ___
ATP
85
The last phosphate bond contains enough energy to _____ and _____ it
Store; release
86
Molecule used by plants to store glucose
Starch
87
Monomer that makes up proteins
Amino acids
88
Base not found in RNA
Thymine
89
Molecule involved in long term energy storage
Lipids
90
Waxes are an example of ______
Lipids
91
This is not a function of proteins
Insulation
92
_______ fats are liquid at room temperature
Unsaturated
93
______ of a protein determines its function
Shape
94
Antibodies are an example of a _______
Protein
95
The ______ level of protein organization involved its amino acid sequence
Primary

College Biology (16 decks)

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