Circulatory System Test Flashcards
Cardiovascular system is a _____ system
Closed
Means that blood stays within the veins
Closed system
3 types of vessels
Arteries
Veins
Capillaries
Carry blood away from the heart
Arteries
Small arteries
Arterioles
Arteries…
Carry oxygenated blood
Have thick muscular walls so the blood is under more pressure
Small veins
Venules
Carry blood back to the heart
Veins
Veins…
Carry non oxygenated blood
Have thin walls so the blood isn’t under as much pressure
Connect arteries to veins
Capillaries
Capillaries…
Very thin-walled
Where diffusion takes place
-oxygen to tissue
-carbon dioxide to bloodstream
2 major parts of the heart
Atrium
Ventricle
Where the blood enters the heart
Atrium
The atrium has ____ chambers, the blood is under more pressure
Two
Pumping chambers in the heart
Ventricles
There are _____ ventricles
Two
The right ventricle pumps blood to the ______, the left ventricle pumps blood to _________
Lungs; rest of the body
The ______ ventricle is under more pressure
Left
Flow of blood
right ventricle > pulmonic valve > pulmonary artery > capillaries (lungs) > pulmonary vein > left atrium > left AV valve > left ventricle > aortic valve > aorta > arteries > smaller arterioles > venules > veins > superior/inferior vena cavae > right atrium > right AV valve > starts over
Only artery that carries non oxygenated blood
Pulmonary artery
The blood obtains oxygen at the _____ _____
Pulmonary vein
Only vein that carries oxygenated blood
Pulmonary vein
Diffusion takes place in the ______ (_____) ; Oxygen Carbon Dioxide
Capillaries (lungs)
Aorta is the ______
Largest
______ _______ are capillaries at tissue level ; carbon dioxide oxygen
Smaller arterioles
The ______/_______ _____ _____ drains above/below the heart, and they both empty into the _____ _____
Superior/inferior vena cavae; right atrium
Return of blood
Superior aspect
Inferior aspect
Easy because gravity and muscle contraction
Superior aspect
Muscle contraction, valves in veins prevent blood from falling completely down, valves close
Inferior aspect
If someone stands too much, their vein valves can rupture, resulting in _____ _____ ; inferior aspect
Vercose veins
4 layers of the heart
Pericardium
Epicardium
Myocardium
Endocardium
Sack around the heart, produces fluid to reduce friction
Pericardium
Outer layer of the heart; slick
Epicardium
Muscle layer of the heart; thickest
Myocardium
Innermost layer of the heart; the lining
Endocardium
This lasts 0.8 seconds total
Cardiac Cycle
Two major parts of the cardiac cycle
Diastole
Systole
Entire heart is relaxed; blood is flowing into all 4 chambers Lasts 0.4 seconds AV valves are open Filling of the heart with blood Aortic and pulmonic valves are closed
Diastole
Contraction phase (pumping blood out)
Atria will contract to get blood in ventricle (0.1 sec)
Ventricles contract (0.3 sec) to pump blood out of the heart
AV valves are closed
Aortic and pulmonic valves are open
Systole
When blood goes backwards due to shriveled AV valves (can’t close properly) (systole phase)
Heart murmur
Volume of blood pumped by the heart per minute is about 70 mL per beat
Cardiac output
Heart beats per minute is about 72
Heart rate
_____ liters of blood pumped per minute
Five
About _____ gallons or ____ quarts of blood is in the body
1.25 ; 5
One red blood cell will take about ____ minute to get through the body
One
Made by the closing of the valves
LUB and DUP
Heart sounds
LUB
closing of the AV
DUP
Closing of aortic and pulmonic
Stimulates heart to contract; system of electrical currents
cardiac pacemaker
Cardiac pacemakers
Sinontrial node (SN node) AV node
Cardiac pacemaker that starts at right atrium
Sinontrial node
Bumps represent heart beating
ECG (electrocardiogram)
On an ECG, the P represents _____ ______
Atria contracting
On an ECG, Q, R, and S represent ______ ______ and _____ of _____
Ventricles contracting; recovery of atria
On an ECG, T represents ______ ______ / ______ of _____
Ventricle relaxation / recovery of ventricle
______ ______ is masked by ventricular contraction
Atrial relaxation
Standard blood pressure
120/80
Top blood pressure number; when your heart is undergoing systoly
Systolic
Bottom blood pressure number; heart is filling (at rest)
Diastolic
Chronic high blood pressure
Hypertension
Chronic low blood pressure
Hypotension
2 major components of blood
Liquid and solid
Blood is a _____ _____
Connective tissue
____% of blood is liquid
55
Parts of liquid blood
Plasma
Serum
Liquid portion of blood that is not clotted
Plasma
Prevents blood from clotting
Anticoagulant
Liquid in blood that clots first
Serum
45% of blood
Cells
Types of cells in the blood
Erythrocytes (RBC)
Leukocytes (WBC)
Percent of erythrocytes in the blood
95% +
Function of erythrocytes
Transport oxygen
Protein that red blood cells attach to
Hemoglobin
Erythrocytes don’t have _____ because they only live about _____ days
Nuclei; 150
Packed cell volume; 35-45% average
Hematocrit
If a person’s hematocrit is low, they are _____
Anemic
High hematocrit
Polycythemia
White blood cells
Leukocytes
Function of leukocytes
Defense and immunity
Types of leukocytes
Agranulocytes
Granulocytes
Platelets
Type of leukocytes that does not have granules
Agranulocytes
Types of agranulocytes
Monocytes
Lymphocytes
Function of monocytes
Phagocytosis (eating other things i.e. Bacteria, viruses, etc)
Function of lymphocytes
Immunity, make antibodies
Type of white blood cell that has granules
Granulocyte
Types of granulocyte
Eosinophils
Baseophils
Neutrophils
Eosinophils…
Look red
Involved in allergic reactions and parasitic reactions
Baseophils…
Look blue
Involved in inflammation
Make histamine to create inflammatory reactions
Neutrophils…
Don’t take up stain (no color)
Most common white blood cell
Function of neutrophils
Phagocytosis
True name of platelets
Thrombocytes
Function of platelets (thrombocytes)
Initiate clotting
