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College Biology > Circulatory System Test > Flashcards

Circulatory System Test Flashcards

1
Q

Cardiovascular system is a _____ system

A

Closed

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2
Q

Means that blood stays within the veins

A

Closed system

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3
Q

3 types of vessels

A

Arteries
Veins
Capillaries

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4
Q

Carry blood away from the heart

A

Arteries

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5
Q

Small arteries

A

Arterioles

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6
Q

Arteries…

A

Carry oxygenated blood

Have thick muscular walls so the blood is under more pressure

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7
Q

Small veins

A

Venules

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8
Q

Carry blood back to the heart

A

Veins

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9
Q

Veins…

A

Carry non oxygenated blood

Have thin walls so the blood isn’t under as much pressure

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10
Q

Connect arteries to veins

A

Capillaries

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11
Q

Capillaries…

A

Very thin-walled
Where diffusion takes place
-oxygen to tissue
-carbon dioxide to bloodstream

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12
Q

2 major parts of the heart

A

Atrium

Ventricle

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13
Q

Where the blood enters the heart

A

Atrium

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14
Q

The atrium has ____ chambers, the blood is under more pressure

A

Two

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15
Q

Pumping chambers in the heart

A

Ventricles

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16
Q

There are _____ ventricles

A

Two

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17
Q

The right ventricle pumps blood to the ______, the left ventricle pumps blood to _________

A

Lungs; rest of the body

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18
Q

The ______ ventricle is under more pressure

A

Left

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19
Q

Flow of blood

A

right ventricle > pulmonic valve > pulmonary artery > capillaries (lungs) > pulmonary vein > left atrium > left AV valve > left ventricle > aortic valve > aorta > arteries > smaller arterioles > venules > veins > superior/inferior vena cavae > right atrium > right AV valve > starts over

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20
Q

Only artery that carries non oxygenated blood

A

Pulmonary artery

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21
Q

The blood obtains oxygen at the _____ _____

A

Pulmonary vein

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22
Q

Only vein that carries oxygenated blood

A

Pulmonary vein

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23
Q

Diffusion takes place in the ______ (_____) ; Oxygen Carbon Dioxide

A

Capillaries (lungs)

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24
Q

Aorta is the ______

A

Largest

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25
______ _______ are capillaries at tissue level ; carbon dioxide oxygen
Smaller arterioles
26
The ______/_______ _____ _____ drains above/below the heart, and they both empty into the _____ _____
Superior/inferior vena cavae; right atrium
27
Return of blood
Superior aspect | Inferior aspect
28
Easy because gravity and muscle contraction
Superior aspect
29
Muscle contraction, valves in veins prevent blood from falling completely down, valves close
Inferior aspect
30
If someone stands too much, their vein valves can rupture, resulting in _____ _____ ; inferior aspect
Vercose veins
31
4 layers of the heart
Pericardium Epicardium Myocardium Endocardium
32
Sack around the heart, produces fluid to reduce friction
Pericardium
33
Outer layer of the heart; slick
Epicardium
34
Muscle layer of the heart; thickest
Myocardium
35
Innermost layer of the heart; the lining
Endocardium
36
This lasts 0.8 seconds total
Cardiac Cycle
37
Two major parts of the cardiac cycle
Diastole | Systole
38
``` Entire heart is relaxed; blood is flowing into all 4 chambers Lasts 0.4 seconds AV valves are open Filling of the heart with blood Aortic and pulmonic valves are closed ```
Diastole
39
Contraction phase (pumping blood out) Atria will contract to get blood in ventricle (0.1 sec) Ventricles contract (0.3 sec) to pump blood out of the heart AV valves are closed Aortic and pulmonic valves are open
Systole
40
When blood goes backwards due to shriveled AV valves (can't close properly) (systole phase)
Heart murmur
41
Volume of blood pumped by the heart per minute is about 70 mL per beat
Cardiac output
42
Heart beats per minute is about 72
Heart rate
43
_____ liters of blood pumped per minute
Five
44
About _____ gallons or ____ quarts of blood is in the body
1.25 ; 5
45
One red blood cell will take about ____ minute to get through the body
One
46
Made by the closing of the valves | LUB and DUP
Heart sounds
47
LUB
closing of the AV
48
DUP
Closing of aortic and pulmonic
49
Stimulates heart to contract; system of electrical currents
cardiac pacemaker
50
Cardiac pacemakers
``` Sinontrial node (SN node) AV node ```
51
Cardiac pacemaker that starts at right atrium
Sinontrial node
52
Bumps represent heart beating
ECG (electrocardiogram)
53
On an ECG, the P represents _____ ______
Atria contracting
54
On an ECG, Q, R, and S represent ______ ______ and _____ of _____
Ventricles contracting; recovery of atria
55
On an ECG, T represents ______ ______ / ______ of _____
Ventricle relaxation / recovery of ventricle
56
______ ______ is masked by ventricular contraction
Atrial relaxation
57
Standard blood pressure
120/80
58
Top blood pressure number; when your heart is undergoing systoly
Systolic
59
Bottom blood pressure number; heart is filling (at rest)
Diastolic
60
Chronic high blood pressure
Hypertension
61
Chronic low blood pressure
Hypotension
62
2 major components of blood
Liquid and solid
63
Blood is a _____ _____
Connective tissue
64
____% of blood is liquid
55
65
Parts of liquid blood
Plasma | Serum
66
Liquid portion of blood that is not clotted
Plasma
67
Prevents blood from clotting
Anticoagulant
68
Liquid in blood that clots first
Serum
69
45% of blood
Cells
70
Types of cells in the blood
Erythrocytes (RBC) | Leukocytes (WBC)
71
Percent of erythrocytes in the blood
95% +
72
Function of erythrocytes
Transport oxygen
73
Protein that red blood cells attach to
Hemoglobin
74
Erythrocytes don't have _____ because they only live about _____ days
Nuclei; 150
75
Packed cell volume; 35-45% average
Hematocrit
76
If a person's hematocrit is low, they are _____
Anemic
77
High hematocrit
Polycythemia
78
White blood cells
Leukocytes
79
Function of leukocytes
Defense and immunity
80
Types of leukocytes
Agranulocytes Granulocytes Platelets
81
Type of leukocytes that does not have granules
Agranulocytes
82
Types of agranulocytes
Monocytes | Lymphocytes
83
Function of monocytes
Phagocytosis (eating other things i.e. Bacteria, viruses, etc)
84
Function of lymphocytes
Immunity, make antibodies
85
Type of white blood cell that has granules
Granulocyte
86
Types of granulocyte
Eosinophils Baseophils Neutrophils
87
Eosinophils...
Look red | Involved in allergic reactions and parasitic reactions
88
Baseophils...
Look blue Involved in inflammation Make histamine to create inflammatory reactions
89
Neutrophils...
Don't take up stain (no color) | Most common white blood cell
90
Function of neutrophils
Phagocytosis
91
True name of platelets
Thrombocytes
92
Function of platelets (thrombocytes)
Initiate clotting

College Biology (16 decks)

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