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College Biology > Circulatory System Test > Flashcards

Circulatory System Test Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Cardiovascular system is a _____ system

A

Closed

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2
Q

Means that blood stays within the veins

A

Closed system

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3
Q

3 types of vessels

A

Arteries
Veins
Capillaries

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4
Q

Carry blood away from the heart

A

Arteries

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5
Q

Small arteries

A

Arterioles

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6
Q

Arteries…

A

Carry oxygenated blood

Have thick muscular walls so the blood is under more pressure

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7
Q

Small veins

A

Venules

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8
Q

Carry blood back to the heart

A

Veins

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9
Q

Veins…

A

Carry non oxygenated blood

Have thin walls so the blood isn’t under as much pressure

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10
Q

Connect arteries to veins

A

Capillaries

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11
Q

Capillaries…

A

Very thin-walled
Where diffusion takes place
-oxygen to tissue
-carbon dioxide to bloodstream

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12
Q

2 major parts of the heart

A

Atrium

Ventricle

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13
Q

Where the blood enters the heart

A

Atrium

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14
Q

The atrium has ____ chambers, the blood is under more pressure

A

Two

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15
Q

Pumping chambers in the heart

A

Ventricles

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16
Q

There are _____ ventricles

A

Two

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17
Q

The right ventricle pumps blood to the ______, the left ventricle pumps blood to _________

A

Lungs; rest of the body

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18
Q

The ______ ventricle is under more pressure

A

Left

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19
Q

Flow of blood

A

right ventricle > pulmonic valve > pulmonary artery > capillaries (lungs) > pulmonary vein > left atrium > left AV valve > left ventricle > aortic valve > aorta > arteries > smaller arterioles > venules > veins > superior/inferior vena cavae > right atrium > right AV valve > starts over

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20
Q

Only artery that carries non oxygenated blood

A

Pulmonary artery

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21
Q

The blood obtains oxygen at the _____ _____

A

Pulmonary vein

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22
Q

Only vein that carries oxygenated blood

A

Pulmonary vein

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23
Q

Diffusion takes place in the ______ (_____) ; Oxygen Carbon Dioxide

A

Capillaries (lungs)

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24
Q

Aorta is the ______

A

Largest

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25
Q

______ _______ are capillaries at tissue level ; carbon dioxide oxygen

A

Smaller arterioles

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26
Q

The ______/_______ _____ _____ drains above/below the heart, and they both empty into the _____ _____

A

Superior/inferior vena cavae; right atrium

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27
Q

Return of blood

A

Superior aspect

Inferior aspect

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28
Q

Easy because gravity and muscle contraction

A

Superior aspect

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29
Q

Muscle contraction, valves in veins prevent blood from falling completely down, valves close

A

Inferior aspect

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30
Q

If someone stands too much, their vein valves can rupture, resulting in _____ _____ ; inferior aspect

A

Vercose veins

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31
Q

4 layers of the heart

A

Pericardium
Epicardium
Myocardium
Endocardium

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32
Q

Sack around the heart, produces fluid to reduce friction

A

Pericardium

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33
Q

Outer layer of the heart; slick

A

Epicardium

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34
Q

Muscle layer of the heart; thickest

A

Myocardium

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35
Q

Innermost layer of the heart; the lining

A

Endocardium

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36
Q

This lasts 0.8 seconds total

A

Cardiac Cycle

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37
Q

Two major parts of the cardiac cycle

A

Diastole

Systole

38
Q 
Entire heart is relaxed; blood is flowing into all 4 chambers
Lasts 0.4 seconds
AV valves are open
Filling of the heart with blood
Aortic and pulmonic valves are closed
A

Diastole

39
Q

Contraction phase (pumping blood out)
Atria will contract to get blood in ventricle (0.1 sec)
Ventricles contract (0.3 sec) to pump blood out of the heart
AV valves are closed
Aortic and pulmonic valves are open

A

Systole

40
Q

When blood goes backwards due to shriveled AV valves (can’t close properly) (systole phase)

A

Heart murmur

41
Q

Volume of blood pumped by the heart per minute is about 70 mL per beat

A

Cardiac output

42
Q

Heart beats per minute is about 72

A

Heart rate

43
Q

_____ liters of blood pumped per minute

A

Five

44
Q

About _____ gallons or ____ quarts of blood is in the body

A

1.25 ; 5

45
Q

One red blood cell will take about ____ minute to get through the body

A

One

46
Q

Made by the closing of the valves

LUB and DUP

A

Heart sounds

47
Q

LUB

A

closing of the AV

48
Q

DUP

A

Closing of aortic and pulmonic

49
Q

Stimulates heart to contract; system of electrical currents

A

cardiac pacemaker

50
Q

Cardiac pacemakers

A 
Sinontrial node (SN node)
AV node
51
Q

Cardiac pacemaker that starts at right atrium

A

Sinontrial node

52
Q

Bumps represent heart beating

A

ECG (electrocardiogram)

53
Q

On an ECG, the P represents _____ ______

A

Atria contracting

54
Q

On an ECG, Q, R, and S represent ______ ______ and _____ of _____

A

Ventricles contracting; recovery of atria

55
Q

On an ECG, T represents ______ ______ / ______ of _____

A

Ventricle relaxation / recovery of ventricle

56
Q

______ ______ is masked by ventricular contraction

A

Atrial relaxation

57
Q

Standard blood pressure

A

120/80

58
Q

Top blood pressure number; when your heart is undergoing systoly

A

Systolic

59
Q

Bottom blood pressure number; heart is filling (at rest)

A

Diastolic

60
Q

Chronic high blood pressure

A

Hypertension

61
Q

Chronic low blood pressure

A

Hypotension

62
Q

2 major components of blood

A

Liquid and solid

63
Q

Blood is a _____ _____

A

Connective tissue

64
Q

____% of blood is liquid

A

55

65
Q

Parts of liquid blood

A

Plasma

Serum

66
Q

Liquid portion of blood that is not clotted

A

Plasma

67
Q

Prevents blood from clotting

A

Anticoagulant

68
Q

Liquid in blood that clots first

A

Serum

69
Q

45% of blood

A

Cells

70
Q

Types of cells in the blood

A

Erythrocytes (RBC)

Leukocytes (WBC)

71
Q

Percent of erythrocytes in the blood

A

95% +

72
Q

Function of erythrocytes

A

Transport oxygen

73
Q

Protein that red blood cells attach to

A

Hemoglobin

74
Q

Erythrocytes don’t have _____ because they only live about _____ days

A

Nuclei; 150

75
Q

Packed cell volume; 35-45% average

A

Hematocrit

76
Q

If a person’s hematocrit is low, they are _____

A

Anemic

77
Q

High hematocrit

A

Polycythemia

78
Q

White blood cells

A

Leukocytes

79
Q

Function of leukocytes

A

Defense and immunity

80
Q

Types of leukocytes

A

Agranulocytes
Granulocytes
Platelets

81
Q

Type of leukocytes that does not have granules

A

Agranulocytes

82
Q

Types of agranulocytes

A

Monocytes

Lymphocytes

83
Q

Function of monocytes

A

Phagocytosis (eating other things i.e. Bacteria, viruses, etc)

84
Q

Function of lymphocytes

A

Immunity, make antibodies

85
Q

Type of white blood cell that has granules

A

Granulocyte

86
Q

Types of granulocyte

A

Eosinophils
Baseophils
Neutrophils

87
Q

Eosinophils…

A

Look red

Involved in allergic reactions and parasitic reactions

88
Q

Baseophils…

A

Look blue
Involved in inflammation

Make histamine to create inflammatory reactions

89
Q

Neutrophils…

A

Don’t take up stain (no color)

Most common white blood cell

90
Q

Function of neutrophils

A

Phagocytosis

91
Q

True name of platelets

A

Thrombocytes

92
Q

Function of platelets (thrombocytes)

A

Initiate clotting

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