Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

College Biology > Cell Cycle Test > Flashcards

Cell Cycle Test Flashcards

1
Q

Apoptosis

A

Programmed cell death

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Genome

A

The entire genetic material of an organism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Histones

A

Proteins around which DNA is wrapped

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Chromatin

A

Thread-like structure of DNA in the nucleus that is not dividing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Chromosome

A

Discrete molecule of DNA that has coiled and condensed and is visible; in the nucleus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Chromosomes in humans

A

46

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Chromatid

A

One of two identical copies of a duplicated chromosome

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Centromere

A

Part of a chromosome that attaches sister chromatids together

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Diploid

A

Total number of chromosomes in an organism’s cell (2n)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Haploid

A

Half of the diploid number (n)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Karyotype

A

Picture showing all of the chromosomes of a cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Gametes

A

Sex cells; contains haploid number of chromosomes

Woman = egg
Man = sperm
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Germ cells

A

Cells that produce gametes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Somatic cells

A

All cells of the body except germ cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Mitosis

A

Process of a nuclear division of a cell that produces two genetically identical diploid daughter cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Function of mitosis

A

Growth and repair

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Meiosis

A

Process that occurs in gametes that (usually) produces four genetically different haploid daughter cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Function of meiosis

A

To produce haploid cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

The 23rd chromosome is the _____ _____ (determines the sex)

A

Sex chromosome

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Series of reactions that a cell undergoes when dividing; making of two exact duplicates

A

Cell cycle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Phase between mitotic divisions

A

Interphase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Interphase

A

G1
S
G2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

In the G1 phase, …

A

The cell gets bigger and molecules and organelles are produced that are needed for cell division

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

In S phase, …

A

The DNA is copied (DNA replication)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
In G2 phase, ...
The cell prepares to divide and proteins are made that will be used in cell division
26
Mitosis
``` Prophase Prometaphase Metaphase Anaphase Telophase ```
27
Prophase
DNA coils, condenses, and becomes visible Nucleolus disappears Spindle is formed
28
Prometaphase
Nuclear envelope disappears
29
Metaphase
Chromosomes line up on the metaphase plate on the equator of the cell
30
Anaphase
Sister chromatids are pulled apart at the centromere | They are pulled to opposite poles
31
Telophase
Chromatids reach opposite poles Nuclear membrane reforms Nucleolus appears again
32
Cytokinesis
When two cells separate
33
During cytokinesis, this forms in animal cells to help the cells separate
Cleavage furrow
34
In cytokinesis, this forms in plants to help the cells separate
Cell plate
35
At the end of cytokinesis there will be ____ _____ _____ ____
2 genetically identical cells
36
Mitosis consists of
One nuclear division It begins with one diploid cell It results in two genetically identical daughter cells It's function is growth and repair
37
Controlled by growth factors that will stimulate the cell cycle or suppress it
Checkpoints
38
Checkpoints
G1 Checkpoint S Checkpoint G2 Checkpoint Metaphase Checkpoint
39
G1 Checkpoint
DNA is screened for damage; if damage can be fixed it is, if not, P53 is called in
40
Protein that initiates apoptosis
P53
41
S Checkpoint
Ensures accurate DNA replication
42
G2 Checkpoint
After DNA replication: it checks for damaged DNA two complete sets can either fix problems or call P53 (if there are any problems)
43
Metaphase Checkpoint
Ensures alignment of the chromosomes | Makes sure the spindle is attached correctly
44
G0
When the cell cycle has stopped
45
Specific sequences of DNA found at both ends of chromosomes
Telomeres
46
Each time a cell undergoes cell division, telomeres ____ _____
Get shorter
47
When telomeres are gone, the cell ____ ____
Stops dividing
48
Protein that will add telomeres back on to cells
Telomerase
49
Growth or abnormal mass of tissue
Tumor
50
Slow growing tumor that will not spread to other parts of the body
Benign
51
Fast growing tumor that is likely to spread if untreated
Malignant
52
The tumor has already spread
Metastasis
53
Medical term for cancer
Neoplasia
54
Cancer cells _____ _____
Ignore normality
55
Characteristics of cancer cells
``` Rounder Loss of normal features Typically immortal (ignore 50) Make their own signals and rules (ignore the body) Lack contact inhibition ```
56
Contact inhibition
When cells are contacted on all sides, they stop dividing When damaged, they might not die; they will build their own blood supply
57
The production of a blood supply
Angiogenesis
58
Causes of cancer
Oncogenes | Tumor suppressor genes
59
Abnormal variants of genes that control cell division; genes that cause cancer
Oncogenes
60
Oncogenes only need ____ ____ to be expressed to cause cancer
One gene
61
Promote normal cell death or prevent cell division
Tumor suppressor genes
62
Both genes in tumor suppressor genes must be ______ in order to cause cancer
Damaged
63
Oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes can be ______ _____ ____
Genetically passed down
64
Treatments of cancer
Chemotherapy Radiation Surgery Newer techniques / approaches
65
Medications that target rapidly-dividing cells
Chemotherapy
66
X-rays or radioactive isotopes that target specific cancer cells
Radiation
67
Major functions of apoptosis
To elementary excess cells to carve out functional structures To eliminate cells that might harm the organism

College Biology (16 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions